This investigation carried out in 2012-2013,in department of plant protection-
Damascus Unv., to study the effect of ethanol and water extracts of Allium sativum L.,
Inula viscos L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Melia azedarach L., in inhibition mycelium
growth of fungi Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum and compared with
fungicides (carbendazim and chlorothalonil) on PDA in the laboratory. The result showed
that ethanol extracts of studied species gave significant inhibition to growth fungi
compared with the control. The ethanol and water extract of the Allium sativum gave the
superior effect inhibition to F. oxysporum where gave 100% inhibition at 600 and 1000
mg/l. at respectively, and gave100% inhibition to A. alternata at 1000 mg/l. Followed with
the ethanol extract of Inula viscos. While, the ethanol and water extract of the Melia
azedarach gave the lowest inhibition to growth study fungi. Where didn’t gave 100 %
inhibition to F. oxysporum and A. alternata at 1000 mg/l. On the other hand, the ethanol
extract of Thymus vulgaris gave moderate inhibition to F. oxysporum, while the inhibition
of A. alternata was little. The ethanol extract of tested plants gave the superior effect
inhibition to both fungi compared with water extracts. On the other hand, the obtained
results showed that carbandazim gave the superior inhibition for F. oxysporum ,where gave
100% inhibition at concentration 120 mg/l. While the fungicide chlorothalonil gave the
lowest inhibition to F. oxysporum. At contrast, the fungicide chlorothalonil gave the
highest inhibition to A. alternata at used concentration. Where cause 100% inhibition at
150 mg/l. On the other hand, Effect of plant extracts and fungicides increased with increase
of concentrate. We can arranged the effect of plant extraction at the values (ED50): Allium
sativum L., Inula viscos L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Melia azedarach L., Therefore we
recommended to use the ethanol extract of the Allium sativum L., Inula viscos L. as
environment friendly fungicides.
This study was carried out to determine the effect of fungicides application
(carbendazim, benomyl, thiram and tolclofos-methyl) on soil when used at the
recommended rates and at duplicated rates on the fungi population in the bean
plant rhizosphe
re. Results showed that tested fungicides caused significant
reduction in the fungi population of rhizosphere bean plant when used at the
both levels compared with control. The tested fungicides caused various
inhibitory effects according to the application rate. However, the duplicated
rate caused remarkable reduction in fungi population. This reduction
continued 2 or 3 weeks when applied fungicides used at recommended or
duplicated rates respectively.
The results showed a variation in the ratio of dry material derived from wood
samples of (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). The dry matter weight was (432.23 mg) (716.95
mg) for each of the waterless wood and internal wood respectively.
It was found that
the most important fungi associated with wheat seed group are:
Fusarium sp. (36%) and Alternaria sp. (28%) and Aspergillus sp. (12%) and Rhizopus sp
(9%) and Penicillium sp (6%) and fungi are not defined by (9%).
It was found that the wood extracts from (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) varied in the of
the Almiceleom inhibition to the tested fungi growth (Fusarium sp. , Alternaria sp. and
Aspergillus sp.) in the nutritious environment according to the type of the extracts,
concentration and targeted fungi. The effect of the wood extracts has increased as the
percentage of the dry matter of the heart wood increased. The incremental heart wood
ratio increased inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi. On the other hand, the wood
extract gave of waterless wood less effect of Miceleom inhibiting on the growth of tested
fungi in general. The effectiveness of the mixtures Increased as heart wood concentration
increased. It has been Found from the data that there was difference in migraine
concentration of the heart wood extracts and waterless wood mixtures largely. the Extract
of the mixture wooden gave (10:10) the highest efficiency among the three tested extracts
on the fungus, where the EC50 values were less than 46.50, 84.66 and 131.54 ppm for each
of the fungus (Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. And Alternaria sp. respectively.
للفطريات الممكرزة أهمية تطبيقية كبيرة و بخاصة فيما يتعلق بتحسين تغذية النباتات المضيفة
بالعناصر المعدنية و زيادة مقاومتها للظروف البيئية المتطرفة من برودة و جفاف و ملوحة تربة، و مقاومتها للعوامل الممرضة.
تعد مثل هذه الدراسات عن التعايش نادرة في سور
ية، لذلك فقد حاولنا دراسة هذا النوع من التعايش
لدى بعض النباتات الاقتصادية في مناطق مختلفة في سورية ، و حاولنا تحديد الجنس أو النوع الفطري
المسؤول في كل حالة، و ركزنا على بعض نباتات الفصيلتين السرمقية و الملفوفية، بعد أن أشار بعض
الباحثين إلى عدم قدرة نباتات هاتين الفصيلتين على تشكيل فطريات جذرية.
We screening for antimicrobial substances production from marine algae of
Syria. We presented results of ١٦ algal species tested by their lipide and
aqueous extracts agaimst Gram’s negative and positive bacteria, as well as one
fungous species.
T
he lipide not aqueous extracts were the active against Gram’s positive
bacteria especially.
No effect founded on the fongous species. In addition we make comparative
viewing with other studies on other mediterranean contries regarding the same
species of algae tested.
