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Register a new userStudying the ability of some Amylase producing fungal isolates for the secretion of aflatoxins
دراسة قدرة بعض العزلات الفطرية المنتجة لإنزيمات الأميلاز على إفراز الأفلاتوكسينات
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عزلت 10 عزلات فطور لها القدرة على إنتاج إنزيمات الأميلاز من ستة مـصادر مختلفـة الظـروف (ترب متباينة، الهواء، خبز متعفن) بغية استخلاص إنزيم الأميلاز منها و ذلك بعد تنميتها علـى البيئـات الزرعية آجار مستخلص الشعير (MEA) و آجار دكستروز مستخلص البطاطا (PDA) ، عينـتْ هويـة 4 عزلات فطرية بمتحف التاريخ الطبيعي بباريس - فرنسا و 6 عزلات عينت هويتها في مختبـرات كليـة الزراعة بجامعة دمشق. اِختُبرت قابلية العزلات الفطرية على إفراز الأفلاتوكسينات B1 و B2 و G1 باستخدام تقنية الأستشراب بواسطة كروموتوغرافيا الطبقة الرقيقة (TLC).
Ten isolates of fungi-producing amylase were isolated from six different sources (different kinds of soils - air-spoilage bread) on malt extract agar (MEA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). Four isolates were identified in Museum of Natural History Paris- France and six isolates were identified in the College of Agriculture, Damascus University. The ability of fungal isolates for secretion aflatoxins B1, B2 and G1 was detected by thin layer chromatography technique and the quantity of toxins was determined by using electronic scanner in Syrian Atomic Agency by comparison with similar standard toxins.
References used
Aziz; S, Y., Tsai,W. Y. and Bullerman, L. B. (1996). Adsorbanceof Mycotoxins on activated charcoal Bentonite and fuller’s earth. Egypt J. Agric. Research. 74(1): 173-184
Aziz; S. Y. and Abdl_Ghaffar, E. A. (2001). Aflatoxins in inoculated raw sesame seeds and its processed sesame halva. Egypt. J. Agric. Res. 79(1): 279-306
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The following Fungal species were isolated from therhizosphere of wheat plant (TriticumaestivumL.): Trichodermaharzianum, T. viride, T. longibrachiatum, Rhizoctoniasolani, Alternariaalternata, Fusariumsolani, Fusariumoxysporum and Aspergillusniger. I
t was shown that all isolated fungi had the capacity to produce cellulase in solid medium (CMC- Agar), while the fungus T.viride gave the highest capability for the production of this enzyme(5.16). The fungus Rhizoctoniasolani gave less productive ratio (2.61). Quantitative test using Mandelium liquid medium showed that the fungus T.viride had the highest productivity of Cellulase(4.39 U/mL), and this fungus had greater biomass (8.96 g/L). The fungus Rhizoctoniasolani gave lower enzyme productivity(2.04 U/mL) and its biomass reached(4.65 g/L). The study of different carbon sources for the fungus T.harzianum showed that Sucrose was the best media in Cellulase productivity. It reached (3.87U/mL), and the biomass was (2.83 g/L).
It wasdetected for the ability of a local fungus A.niger, A.alternata, F.oxysporum,
F.solaniandP.devirsum to produce the enzyme lipase in solidmedium including Triputyrin.
The enzymic activity of P.devirsum fungus is distinction from other fungus,
while the
fungus A.alternata failed to produce the lipase. Then they tested quantitatively using a
liquid center to determine the best conditions for best growth to fungus P.devirsum and for
best produce to enzyme lipase. It indicates that corn oil is the best carbonic source for
growth of fungus after 5 days of incubation, as biomass reached(15.99g/L) and effective of
lipase (67.43%).And it found that the concentration of 2% of the corn oil has achieved best
biomass
(17.83g/L) and best production of enzyme lipase effectively(72.78%). Temperature 34 c
achieved the highest biomass (18.94g/L) and best production of enzyme lipase (76.16%),
and pH =7 was the best for the growth of fungus in biomass reached (21.87g/L) and
production of lipase effectively (82.93%). While the nitrogenic source gave peptone
biggest value to biomass (27.08 g/L) and highest production for enzyme (88.12%) in
optimal conditions reached.
The Mediterranean region is world’s leading olive growing area. A large amount of
liquid waste results from olive oil extraction these wastewaters have a different effects an
environmental . In this study, four fungal isolates from Samples of soil
Polluted by olive
mill wastewater ,this isolates follow to several types from deuteromycetes, they are follow
to this types : Humicola sp., paecilomyces javanicus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus
flavus. They isolated them on tow media (PDA, CzA) and identify them on colony
character ,Biometric and compare them with reference studies.
Syria consumes as many as ١٢٨ thousand tons of detergents yearly. The
powder detergent with added enzyme represents is about ٣٥ % of the total
production .The enzyme content in the detergent is ٠,٥-١,٠ %. Amylases,
Lipases, Proteases, and cellulas
es are the main enzymes used in detergents.
Enzymes are known to have protein structure and play role in biocatalysts
during the cleaning process. Enzyme activity is affected by heat and the
detergent s components such as oxidants, bleachers, and brighters.
This research was focused on using Volgemyta method, which traditionally
used for saliva and blood analyses to determent the Amylase activity in
detergents produced in Syria. The result in dicate that this setteed may be used
to determent the commercial Amylase activity in water, and in ٠,١ % Sodium
chloride water solution, and finally in physiological solutions . The effect of the
different detergents on the Amylase activity has been studied as well. As a
result, the addition of any extra amount of Amylase makes no increase or
improvement in the cleaning performance of the detergent.
This study examines the ability of some marine algae (Padina pavonica and Hypnea musciformis) on accumulating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS). The samples were collected from five sites on the Syrian coast during 2011.
The study revealed t
hat the studied algae were able to accumulate PAHs. Their concentrations in Padina pavonica ranged from 21.53 to 54.76 ng/g dw, While in Hypenea they ranged from 43.59 to 24.96. ng/g dw.
The Padina Pavonica of DIRASAT site accumulated the largest amount of PAHs compounds, while the highest concentrations of these compounds in Hypenea Musciformis were observed in the BISTAN AL-BASHA site. Fluorine and phenanthrene recorded high concentration in the studied algae in comparison with the rest of the aromatic compounds containing three aromatic rings, and the total concentration of the compounds with three rings was higher than that in those compounds with four or five aromatic rings.
The logarithm bioconcentration factors (log BCF) of the aromatic compounds with three aromatic rings was close to the logarithm octanol/water partitioning coefficients (log Kow ), unlike the compounds with higher rings, where log BCF was obviously less than that in the corresponding log Kow.
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