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Register a new userDetection of fungi on (seeds; seedlings root's and soils) of cypressand pinespecies (brutia; canary and stone) in forest nursery
الكشف عن الفطور المتواجدة على(بذور، جذور وترب بادرات) السّرو وأنواع الصّنوبر(البروتي، الكناري والثّمري) في المشتل الحراجي
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2014
fields
Agricultural Engineering
and research's language is
العربية
Authors
نهى عليو( باحث )
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Shamra Editor
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عزل في هذه الدراسة/14/جنساً فطرياً من عينات بذور وبادرات وترب السّرو وأنواع الصّنوبر البروتي؛ الكناري والثّمري جلبت من مشتل الهنادي، تجلت في: Alternaria؛ Rhizoctonia؛Fusarium؛ Chaetomium؛Mucor؛ Phythophtora؛ Rhizopus؛ Aspergillus؛ Penicillium؛ Cladosporium؛ Saccharomyces؛ Sordaria؛ PythiumوTrichoderma، إذ عزلت الأجناس الأثني عشر الأولى من البذور، وظهر الجنسان Alternaria وFusariumعلى بذور كل الأنواع النّباتية ووصل أعلى تردد للأول23.3%وللثاني 36.6%على السّرو، كما عزلت الخمسة أجناس الأولى من جذور البادرات فضلاً عن الجنسPythium، وتردد الجنس Fusarium كذلك على كل الأنواع المدروسة وبنسب مرتفعة بلغ أعلاها 58.5% على الصّنوبر البروتي، ولم يعزل الجنس Rhizoctonia من جذور وبذور السّرو، في حين عزل من جذور وبذور كل أنواع الصّنوبر، أما ترب البادرات فقد عزل منها7 أجناس فطرية ، ثلاثة منها (Alternaria، Aspergillus، Fusarium) عزلت من ترببادرات كل الأنواع النّباتية ، إذ كانت أعلى نسبة مئوية للجنس الأول68.97%من تربة السّرو، وللثاني 22.22% من الصّنوبر الثّمري وللجنسFusarium35.13% من البروتي، كما عزل الجنس Pythiumمن جذور وتربة الصّنوبر البروتي فقط.
In this study a total of /14/ fungal genera have been isolated from seeds; seedlings roots and soilsofCypress and Pine species (brutia; canary and stone) samples brought from Hinnade's nursery, and it were: Alternaria; Rhizoctoni; Fusarium; Chaetomium; Mucor; Phythophtora; Rhizopus; Aspergillus; Penicillium; Cladosporium; Saccharomyces; Sordaria; Pytiumand Trichoderma. The first 12 genera were isolated from seeds. Alternaria andFusarium appeared on alldifferent types of plants with the highest frequency of the first genus 23.3% and 36.6% of the second one on cypress. The first 5 genera were isolated from seedlings roots in addition to genus Pythium. And also the Genus Fusariumwas frequented on all study types with high frequencies reached to 58.5%onbrutia.The genusRhizoctoniawas not isolated from seeds and roots of Cypress while it was isolated from seeds and roots of all species of pine./7/ fungal genera were isolated from seedlings soils three of it (Alternaria,Aspergillus,Fusarium) were isolated from the soils of all species of plants with the highest percentages of the first 68.97% on cypress's soil and 22.22% of the second from stone pine and 35.13%of the genusFusarium from brutia. The highest frequency was for genus Fusarium 35.13% on brutia. The genusPythium was onlyisolated from the seeds and soils of brutia pine.
References used
ARX, V. J. A.The Genera Of Fungi Sporulating In Pure Culture. Third fully revised edition. Carmer,Germany,1981, 459p
AXELROOD, P. Biological control of plant pathogens: principles and strategies. Presented at the first meeting of IUFRO Working Party S2.07-09 (Diseases and Insects in Forest Nurseries), Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, August 22-30,1990
CAREY, W. A;OAK, S. W. and ENEBAK, S. A.Pitch canker ratings of longleaf pine clones correlate with Fusariumcircinatum infestation of seeds and seedling mortality in containers. Forest Pathology. 2005,Vol 3: 205–212
DAYAN, M. Fungal diseases of forest tree seeds and control measures: a guidebook. DENR recommends. Ecosystems research and development bureau, department of environment and natural resources. Philippen. College, Laguna 200, vol 13: 1-25
ELLIS, M. B.DematiaceousHyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Kew, Surrey, Endland, Cambrian News.1971, 595p
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The results shows that, the cold wet of Canary pine seeds stratification for 15 days at (4-5c◦),gave higher germination percentage( 91.11%). The treatment of soaking seeds with superiority was not significant. Other treatments; the cold wet strati
fication of seed for(30) days at(4-5c◦), soaking seeds with tap water for (48 h.) and the control, all gave lower germination percentages, but still higher than (60%).
The treatment of soaking seeds with GA had significant superiority in the speed of germination (2.32 day ∕ seed), but it was not significant with the cold wet stratification.
The aim of this study was to determine the best size and shape of containers to produce higher quality seedlings, and determine which treatments (moving the seedlings to other beds, or transfer to bigger containers, or pruning the shoot and root syst
em of Ceratonia siliqua seedlings in the nursery) are the best for growth and stabilization in out planting. The study showed that the control seedlings D1 which were growing in traditional plastic containers (1 liter) gave low survival rate which did not exceed 20%, and this was due to numerous reasons mainly roots deformation. Seedlings D8, the containers(2 liters) improved the morphological characteristics of root and shoot system and reduced the roots deformation, which led to higher survival rate reached more than 82%. While the deep containers and the air pruning improved the structure and spread the root system of seedlings D9 and limited the roots deformation, which led to higher survival ratio reached more than 95%. Moving the seedlings to other beds in the nursery improved the survival rate in out planting, which amounted ,in D2, to more than 95% and in D3 over than 67%. Also, the study confirmed that cutting the developing top of shoot system and leaving the seedlings in the beds until their planting date D4 did not give a significant effect compared to D5 in which the developing top of their shoot system was cut and was transferred to bags of (12 liters) with pruning the root system, and the survival rate was more than 72% in D4, and over 62% in D5. Regarding to survival rate under the influence of transport operations to larger bags, the D7 which was transferred to bags of 3 liters capacity surpassed in significant differences and was 77.5% compared to D5 and D6 which was transferred to 12 liters bags, where the survival rate in which was 62.5%.
The aim of this research is to determine the effect of some heavy metal ions
on total protien metabolism in seeds and seedlings of maize plant (GHOTA 82)
and study the changes in the morphological specifications of plant, after
cultivating for 6 d
ays in solutions at different concentrations of water and
heavy metal ions Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+.
The results showed that heavy metal ions have inhibitory effect on total
protien metabolism, which decreased their amount in seedlings, While
accumulated in the seeds. This inhibitory effect depends on the type and
concentration of heavy metal ions.
The results also showed morphological changes in the maize plant seedlings,
which decreased their growth due to the effect of these ions.
Background& Objective: This research is carried out to investigate the Anti-inflammatory activity of the alcoholic extract of flower buds of Crataegus laevigata in experimentally-induced arthritis in rats.
Materials & Methods: the inflammation was i
nduced experimentally by Carrageenan, the standard material that causes non-immune acute inflammation. The size of edema was measured before and after the inducing the inflammation, in control group as well as in group treated by extract and by Diclofenac.
The measurements persist until the 4th hour following the injection of Carrageenan. In another set of experiment, the important biomarker, TNF-α, was calibrated in inflammation-induced groups of rats that received extract or Diclofenac and compared with control.
Results: The extract significantly reduced the size of edema compared with control and this effect was not less than that of Diclofenac, the standard anti-inflammatory drug. Indeed, the extract lowered the values of TNF-α.
Conclusion: The Crataegus laevigata has clear anti-inflammatony effect , but it should be further investigated.
Dendrochronology methods are used to study the response of tree rings to
environmental factors, where tree rings width are strongly influenced by environmental
factors especially climatic ones. In order to study tree rings of brutia pine in Kfarfo
forest –
Tartus, 12 dominant trees were selected, using increment drill two perpendicular core
samples at breast height from each tree were extracted. After treatment, the core samples
were cross dated. Tree-rings widths were measured to the nearest 0.01 mm. Consequently,
a series of 31 tree rings covering the period 1983-2013 was obtained. Results showed that,
tree rings of the years: 1998-1999, 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 were clearly narrow; while
rings of the years: 1985-1986, 1991-1992, and 2002-2003 were obviously wide. Whereas,
rings of the years: 1986-1987, 1994-1995, 1996 and 1997 were absent. Finally, results
reveal that, as precipitation decreased corresponding with temperature increase in the
growing season; narrow rings were recorded. While, increasing winter precipitation
corresponding with temperature decrease leaded to increase in ring width.
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