Effect of mixing mineral oil with the fungicides fenarimol, triflumizol, and triadiminol to control powdery mildew of tomato in greenhouse

Three systemic fungicides fenarimol, triflumizol, and triadimenol were used (mixed with mineral oil at 300 ml/100 L water or not) to evaluate the effects on powdery mildew of tomato in greenhouse. Results showed important role of mineral oil in inhancing the studied fungicides's effects by decreasing infection percentage and severity of the disease if the recommended doses are used or half of them. when these fungicides were used in low rates (50% of the recommended doses without mineral oil) infection percentage after a mounth of treating were 65.2 - 75.7% and severity 62.7 – 77.3% wherease when the fungicides were used with oil the infection percentage were decreased to 44.5 - 48.6% and severity to 16.9 – 45.8%

Laboratory study to effect some fungicides in growth of Cladosporium fulvum (cooke) that causes leaf mold on tomatoes fungus and spores germinatios

To study the effect of some fungicides invitro on an isolate of the fungus Cladosporium fulvum(cook) that causes leaf mold on tomatoes, five fungicides were tested Flint - Topsin-M- Score and Collisand Indofil-M at concentrations between 1 - 4000 ppm. The results showed that Score and Indofil-M were the most effective fungicides inhibiting hyphal growth for the isolate even at 10ppm. Also, they inhibited completely the spores germinatios at the 100 ppm. The effects of fungicides Flint and Collis were weak on hyphal growth of the isolate and inhibited almost completely the spores germinatios at 1000 ppm. We didn,t observe clear inhibiting effects of Topsin-M on hyphal on the growth of the spores germinatios at 1000 ppm .

Influence of mineral oil mixing with the fungicides Flint or Trifmine on tomato yield properties in greenhouse

To evaluate the effects of summer mineral oil which were mixed with tow systemic commercial fungicides Flint and Trifmine on some tomato yield properties in Syrian coast greenhouse conditions, the tow fungicides were supplied at the recommended doses (mixed with mineral oil or not), the results showed no negative effctes on the plant flowers, fruits, fruit's weight through the study; there were 71.0-75.0 fruits on each plant and fruit's weight was 75.3-87.2 g/one fruit in treatments which fungicides were not mixed with mineral oil, 69.1-76.4 fruits on each plant, 74.8-81.2 g/one fruit in treatments which fungicides were mixed, compairing with 62.2 fruits/plant in control, 87.6 g/fruit in control, differences were not significant.

Activity of some plant extracts against Alternaria alternata & Fusarium oxysporum and compared with fungicides in vitro

This investigation carried out in 2012-2013,in department of plant protection- Damascus Unv., to study the effect of ethanol and water extracts of Allium sativum L., Inula viscos L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Melia azedarach L., in inhibition mycelium growth of fungi Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum and compared with fungicides (carbendazim and chlorothalonil) on PDA in the laboratory. The result showed that ethanol extracts of studied species gave significant inhibition to growth fungi compared with the control. The ethanol and water extract of the Allium sativum gave the superior effect inhibition to F. oxysporum where gave 100% inhibition at 600 and 1000 mg/l. at respectively, and gave100% inhibition to A. alternata at 1000 mg/l. Followed with the ethanol extract of Inula viscos. While, the ethanol and water extract of the Melia azedarach gave the lowest inhibition to growth study fungi. Where didn’t gave 100 % inhibition to F. oxysporum and A. alternata at 1000 mg/l. On the other hand, the ethanol extract of Thymus vulgaris gave moderate inhibition to F. oxysporum, while the inhibition of A. alternata was little. The ethanol extract of tested plants gave the superior effect inhibition to both fungi compared with water extracts. On the other hand, the obtained results showed that carbandazim gave the superior inhibition for F. oxysporum ,where gave 100% inhibition at concentration 120 mg/l. While the fungicide chlorothalonil gave the lowest inhibition to F. oxysporum. At contrast, the fungicide chlorothalonil gave the highest inhibition to A. alternata at used concentration. Where cause 100% inhibition at 150 mg/l. On the other hand, Effect of plant extracts and fungicides increased with increase of concentrate. We can arranged the effect of plant extraction at the values (ED50): Allium sativum L., Inula viscos L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Melia azedarach L., Therefore we recommended to use the ethanol extract of the Allium sativum L., Inula viscos L. as environment friendly fungicides.

Study The effect of some fungicides against peacock eye disease on olives Caused by the fungus: Spilocaeaoleaginea(Cast.) Hugh

To know the effect of some fungicides on peacock eye disease has beentested five fungicides from different chemical groups, using concentrations advisable to field application,on the 45 year old olive trees in the Baksa village Lattakia . The results showed an increase in incidence of the control of 22.4 to 45.5 % after 45 days, versus low incidence rates in the fungicides tested treatments . The best two fungicides were thiophanate –methyl with infection decreasing from 19.2 to 10.3% and chlorothalonil from 24.3% to 16.5% . The severity also decreased in the treatment of the fungicide thiophanate –methyl from 9.7 to 4.1 % and chlorothalonil from 13.7 to 8.9 % while the severity of the infection of the control increased from 10.5 to 25.6 % .In order to efficiency the fungicide thiophanate – methyl was more effective reducing the infection severity compared with the control with 82.8 %, followed by chlorothalonil , kresoxsim methyl , and mancozeb with 73.3 , 72.0 , 71.9% respectively whereas the fungicide copper oxychloride was the least effective with 68.1%.

Analysis of seed and flower oil of Melia azedaracht L. and the evaluation efficacy in inhibition of growth some fungi on artificial media

The investigation was carried out during 2011-2012 at the laboratories of Plant Protection Dep., Faculty of Agriculture, and Chemistry Dep., Damascus University. The fatty acid composition in the seed and flower of Chinaberry (Melia azedaracht L.) was studied by Gas Chromatography. Results showed that four fatty acids with different rate in seed and flowers of Chinaberry. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acid was highly in dry and fresh seed oil and reached 88.66% and 85.43%, respectively. Where the percentage of linoleic acid was higher than oleic acid. The percentage of saturated fatty acids was highly in oil flowers (39.97%), where the ratio of stearic acid was the highest followed by palmitic acid. Tthe efficacy of oil extract of dry, fresh seed and flowers Chinaberry for suppressing the growth of the fungi, Penicillium digitatum and Botrytis cinerea on artificial media in comparison with standard fungicides, benomyl and procymidone under laboratory condition was also evaluated.

Evaluation Some Fungicides in Control Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont.) Potato in Homs

This search carried out to study the effect of treatment with some fungicides (mancozeb + metalaxyl - M, chlorothalonil ،azoxystrobin and mancozeb) in control late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont.) on potato va. Spunta and yield in homs during two seasons 2008 and 2009. The results showed that the use of a mixture of fungicides (mancozeb + metalaxyl - M) gave the superior efficacy in controlling the disease during two seasons compared with other treatments. The percentage of effect (74.32% and 57.24%) during 2008 and 2009, respectively. While, the fungicides (mancozeb) gave the lowest effect in controlling the disease during two seasons, where as the percentage of effect (31.95% and 40%), respectively. Recorded results showed that spray of potato plant with tested fungicides increase the yield compared with untreated plants. The mixture fungicides (mancozeb + metalaxyl-M) increase in yield (35.55% and 32.285) during 2008 and 2009, at respectively. We can arrange the tested fungicides according to their the efficacy in controlling the disease and in increase the yield such as following: mancozeb +metalaxyl-M> chlorothalonil> azoxystrobin> mancozeb.

The effect of certain fungicides on mycoflora in the bean plant rhizosphere

This study was carried out to determine the effect of fungicides application (carbendazim, benomyl, thiram and tolclofos-methyl) on soil when used at the recommended rates and at duplicated rates on the fungi population in the bean plant rhizosphere. Results showed that tested fungicides caused significant reduction in the fungi population of rhizosphere bean plant when used at the both levels compared with control. The tested fungicides caused various inhibitory effects according to the application rate. However, the duplicated rate caused remarkable reduction in fungi population. This reduction continued 2 or 3 weeks when applied fungicides used at recommended or duplicated rates respectively.