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Register a new userAttitude of Israeli Governments from the Negotiation with Syria 1996-2008
موقف الحكومات الاسرائيلية من المفاوضات مع سوريا ١٩٩٦-٢٠٠٨
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Publication date
2020
fields
political science
and research's language is
العربية
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وصلت حكومة ( العمل) الإسرائيلية بقيادة رابين إلى مراحل متقدمة بمفاوضات السلام مع سورية، لكن مقتله عام 1995 حال دون إتمام عملية السلام. عاد (الليكود) مجدداً إلى الحكم عام 1996، جاعلاً من المتشدد (نتنياهو) رئيساً للوزراء، حيث أصر على العودة إلى نقطة الصفر في المفاوضات مع سوريا. لكن بمجيء حكومة (العمل) بقيادة باراك، استؤنفت المفاوضات مجدداً ومن النقطة التي توقفت عندها عام 1996، إلا أن الخلاف بين سوريا و"إسرائيل" على بضع أمتار من سواحل بحيرة طبرية حالت دون نجاح المفاوضات. وبتسلم شارون رئاسة الوزراء الإسرائيلية وتنصل أمريكا عن أداء دورها في متابعة المفاوضات، توقفت مجدداً مطلع القرن الحالي. ولقد استمرت الامور على ما هي عليه حتى عام 2007، حينما طلب زعيم حزب (كاديما) أولمرت وساطة تركيا، لاستئناف مفاوضات غير مباشرة مع سوريا، لكن بالرغم من احتضان انقرة لتلك المفاوضات، إلا أنها باءت بالفشل، ثم ازداد الوضع سوءاً بعدما تجدد انتخاب نتنياهو لرئاسة الوزراء عام 2009.
The Israel government led by Rabin reached an advanced stage in peace negotiations with Syria, but his assassination in 1995 prevented the completion of the peace process. The Likud returned to power, making the extremist Netanyahu as a prime minister, who insisted on returning to the zero point in the negotiations with Syria. But with Barak's Labor government in power, negotiations resumed again from the point where they stopped in 1996, but the dispute between Syria and Israel for a few meters prevented negotiations from succeeding. When Sharon became Israeli prime minister and America evaded its role in pursuing negotiations, the peace process was halted again by the beginning of the century. Things continued as they were until 2007. when Kadima leader Olmert asked Turkey to resume indirect negotiations with Syria, rather, despite Ankara's embrace of the negotiations, the situation worsened after the renewal of Netanyahu's election in 2009 as a prime minister.
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The research study was based on an important issue of Alakeda: the exploration of
Almutazela’s standpoint of Allah’s attributes. This study was divided into: A
preface, an introduction, and three issues. In the Introduction Chapter, the concept
of
Almutazela was defined. The first issue was related to the Ayats of the attributes
and the standpoint of the Alsalaf and Almutazela. The second issue included the
rationale provided by Almutazela and the response to it. The third issue involved
samples of Almutazela’s and the reply to them by providing solid mental and
transmission evidence. The key findings of the study are of particular importance to
every Muslim. One of these key findings is that Almutazela’s perspective in relation
to Allah’s attributes opposed Sahaba’s approach and their Tab’een as well as their
followers because they wanted to separate the Creator from the saying of the
representation and embodiment. As a result, they made a grave mistake represented
by saying to hinder. Yet, they preferred the mind rather than the transmission
(Quran) and regarded the mental evidence as the actual key. They interpreted the
texts of the Holy Quran in an allegorical and metaphorical way with particular
reference to Allah’s attributes. With regard to Alsuna, Almutazela ignored Alahad’s
Ahadeeth in so many issues of Alakeda, including the Ahadeeth related to Allah’s
qualities. Almutazela were skeptical of the tellers of Allah’s qualities, claiming that
such qualities did not benefit certainty. Almutazela recognized the group Hadeeth
but they put the mental evidence first. Therefore, they rejected several Hadeeths,
such as those related to intercession and Allah’s vision and others. Consequently,
Almutazela’s doctrine and Alakeda were severely criticized by providing mental and
transmission (Quran) evidence throughout many years, especially by the scientists of
Alsunha and Aljamaha. The main reason behind criticizing Almutazela is that they
affected Aluma’s unity negatively in Alakeda. Thus, Almutazela’s thinking remained
a major obstacle against the intellectual harmony in Alakeda. This is the abstract of
the research study. This effort is made by the humble, asking Allah to make it useful
and fruitful. God bless our work!.
There is no doubt that the categorical proposition constituted
the cornerstone of Aristotelian logic, and the viewpoint of modern logic
about it - especially Frege- has been a landmark for a new logic.
This research aims to study the Frege’s view
of Aristotelian
categorical proposition to cover all essential parts and formats by
comparing them with the similar in modern logic that also been formed
by Frege, or by the influence of him. So our research will study the most
important differences between ancient and modern logic. And we will try
to shed light on categorical proposition's forms by Frege.
Then, we will study the whole modern opinions about the
cutout matter between both ancient and modern logic by analyzing the
new Frege's viewpoint about the structure of Aristotelian categorical
proposition and its forms.
Finally, our research seeks to define and describe the form of
relationship between both Aristotelian and modern logic; is it a
continuous developmental relation, a cutout and creation of a new logic,
or is there a third form for this relationship?.
This study treated the position of the Mamluke state from the people of Keserwan and limiting it to the military campaigns that the Mamluke state waged against Keserwan Mountain at the ends of the seventh century H/the thirteenth century CE, which we
re known historically by The Keserwan campaigns, and that by standing on their causes by showing the passings of the people of Keserwan and their positions from the state after its exposure to the Crusade invasion. As the three military Keserwan campaigns that the Mamluke state waged against the people of Keserwan with its different sects formed one of the most prominent episodes of the struggle in that geographical spot. This study revealed the several results and effects that those campaings left behind especially the political and demographic and denominational effects on the people of Keserwan. As the state could impose its prestige by force. This study aimed to show the position of the Shiekh ibn Taymia from the behaviours of the people of Keserwan and from their religious belief, with concentrating on his role in the 3rd campaign politically and militarily, and analyzing his letter to the Mamluke Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun and its meanings, and observing its effects and gravity. As the Shiekh Taqiy Aldin ibn Taymia represented in the period of the first Mamluke age one of the most prominent scientists of the Sunna as he had an obvious role side by side with the political authority against its opponents. This study showed the development of this struggle and its revelations intellectually and theoretically by presenting opposite models representing it as Ibn Taymia and Ibn Al-Mutahir Al-Hilly. As the legal opinion of Ibn Taymia and his thought had the most effect in lighting the political and the intellectual struggle with them in the subsequent periods. The importance of this study became clear because of pure objective causes presented in its treatment of several centers and details by some neutrality far from partiality because of the tendencies and points of view that accompanied these campaigns which appeared in the historical writing based on the identity or sectarianism by some writers, which made the history of the campaigns on Keserwan in Lebanon a sectarian history as the whole relation with Mamluke state because of ignoring much of their aspects. As it is impossible in any case to burden the responsibility of the struggle with one of the two parties
The study was conducted in the eastern region of Syria to know the extent of
cultivation development of wheat and cotton production and the factors
affecting these crops during 1996-2010. The results showed that the effect of
time on the productio
n and productivity of wheat was not changed statistically,
while the cotton area was decreased significantly during the study period. The
total production of wheat was also affected significantly and positively by
cultivated area and planting costs per hectare, and negatively by purchase
price, while the production of cotton was affected significantly and positively by
costs and purchase prices. According to the geographical region, the results
showed that the production in the eastern region was significantly affected by
Al-Raqqa production for wheat and cotton crops and Al-Hassake production
for wheat crop. However, wheat productivity at Deir Ezzor was significantly
superior compared to Al-Raqqa and Al-Hassake. The study recommended
expanding the cultivation of wheat and cotton and support and expand the role
of agricultural extension.
Drought is one of the most important challenges facing sustainable development in eastern Mediterranean regions, where water resources are already limited and ecosystems are fragile. Sums of weighted standardized monthly precipitation anomalies were
used to assess annual drought intensity, frequency and spatial extent in five climatic stations located in Syrian coastal region during the period 1966-2008.Changes in drought intensity were detected using trends with Mann – Kendall test. Results show that drought occurs with high frequency over all parts of the coastal region(up to 35% in some parts),but with different intensities.Extreme drought can hit all regions in some years as happened in 1972-1973. Moreover drought may strike the same region for three consecutive years (1988-1991). Also the results show an increasing tendency in drought intensityrelated to the decreasein drought index values (between 0.29-0.96). This can have serious ecological and economic consequences and will pose an increasing challenge to agriculture and the management of water resources in this region.
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