Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userStudy of Drought Spatio- Temporal Characteristics in Syrian Coastal Region during the Period 1966-2008
دراسة الخصائص المكانية و الزمنية للجفاف في المنطقة الساحلية من سوريا خلال الفترة 1966- 2008
1630
0 33
0
(
0
)
Created by
Shamra Editor
Ask ChatGPT about the research
يعد الجفاف أحد أهم التحديات التي تواجه التنمية المستدامة في مناطق شرق المتوسط حيث الموارد المائية محدودة أصلا و النظم البيئية هشة. تم استخدام محصلات الانحرافات القياسية الشهرية المثقلة للهطل لتقدير الشدة و التكرار و الامتداد المكاني لجفاف الموسم الماطر (أيلول – ايار ) لخمس محطات مناخية تغطي جزءا مهماً من المنطقة الساحلية خلال الفترة من عام 1966 حتى 2008، و قد تم التحقق من تغير شدة الجفاف باستخدام الانحدار الخطي و اختبار مان كندال. أظهرت النتائج أن الجفاف يتكرر بشكل كبير في جميع أجزاء المنطقة الساحلية ( بنسبة تصل إلى 35 % في بعض الأجزاء ) لكن بشدات مختلفة و قد يمتد لثلاثة مواسم متتالية كما حدث خلال الفترة 1988-1991 .كما أن الجفاف متطرف الشدة يمكن أن يشمل كامل المنطقة كما حدث في الموسم 1972-1973 . بينت النتائج من جهة أخرى تزايد شدة الجفاف بسبب تناقص قيم المؤشر بمقدار تراوح بين 0.29 و 0.96 في المحطات المدروسة الأمر الذي سيكون له تأثيرات بيئية و اقتصادية كبيرة و يشكل تحدياً متزايداً أمام الإنتاج الزراعي و إدارة الموارد المائية في المنطقة.
Drought is one of the most important challenges facing sustainable development in eastern Mediterranean regions, where water resources are already limited and ecosystems are fragile. Sums of weighted standardized monthly precipitation anomalies were used to assess annual drought intensity, frequency and spatial extent in five climatic stations located in Syrian coastal region during the period 1966-2008.Changes in drought intensity were detected using trends with Mann – Kendall test. Results show that drought occurs with high frequency over all parts of the coastal region(up to 35% in some parts),but with different intensities.Extreme drought can hit all regions in some years as happened in 1972-1973. Moreover drought may strike the same region for three consecutive years (1988-1991). Also the results show an increasing tendency in drought intensityrelated to the decreasein drought index values (between 0.29-0.96). This can have serious ecological and economic consequences and will pose an increasing challenge to agriculture and the management of water resources in this region.
References used
AGNEW, C. T: Using the SPI to identify drought. Drought Network News,, 2000, 12, 6–11
ALLEN, C.D. MACALADY, A.K. CHENCHOUNI, H., BACHELET, D. MCDOWELL, N., VENNETIER, M. KITZBERGER, T. RIGLING, A. BRESHEARS, D.D. HOGG, E.H. GONZALEZ, P. FENSHAM, R. ZHANG, Z. CASTRO, J. DEMIDOVA, N. LIM, J.H. ALLARD, G., RUNNING, S.W. SEMERCI, A. COBB, N. A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest Ecology and Management : 259 (4)2010, 660–684
BATES, B.C; KUNDZEWICZ, Z.W., WU, S., PALUTIKOF, J.P. (Eds.),. Climate Change and Water. Technical Paper, International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)Secretariat, Geneva,2008
BRÉDA, N. AND BADEAU, V. Forest tree responses to extreme drought and some biotic events: Towards a selection according to hazard tolerance? C. R. Geosciences : 340, 2008, 651–662
COLLINS.R; KRESTENSEN.P; THYSSEN.N .Water resources across Europeconfronting water scarcity and drought .European environment agency report No2, 2009 ,55
rate research
Read More
Changes in precipitation patterns are considered one of most important hazards facing terrestrial ecosystems and water resources worldwide. Monthly rainfall data for six meteorological stations located in the Syrian coastal region were used to study
changes in precipitation characteristics during the period 1960-2010. Trends with mann- Kendall Test, Gamma Distribution and Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) were applied to detect changes in seasonal and annual precipitation amount in addition to seasonality. Results showed significant negative trends in annual precipitation in all stations up to 30% in some cases, which could be related to the decrease in spring and winter rainfall amounts that ranged between 38.5% to 50.2% in spring and 14% to 38% in winter. Despite significant decrease in annual precipitation, there were no significant trends in seasonality. These changes in precipitation patterns would pose big challenges to water resources management , agricultural production and forests management.
Because rainfall in the coastal area is high and water projects are nearly missing, we think it is important to make use of available water resources. In order to predict future rainfalls and suggest proper management of resources, we created a mathe
matical model linking rainfall amounts between demand (population, agricultural and industrial) on water resources during the period (2000-2012). Results show the following:
1. Rainfalls decreased during the period ( 2002-2012) at an annual rate of (1.84%).
2. Demand on water resources increased during the period (2002-2012) at an annual rate of (3.41%) of the population demand, and (3.47 %) of the agricultural demand, and 6.25% for industrial demand.
3. There is a surplus of available water resources and the size of demand for them, with the surplus decreasing during the period (2002-2012) at an annual rate (2.97 %).
4. The estimation of the surplus between the amount of available water resources and the size of the demand for them will decrease in 2023 from what it was like in the year 2013 at an annual rate (-3.23%).
This research deals with evaluating the financial performance of Syria International Islamic Bank during the period 2008-2012 through the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the most important components of the financial statements of the ba
nk, which include: analysis of assets (uses of funds). Analysis of liabilities (sources of funds). Analysis of own resources, namely: (analysis of capital stock paid, analyzing reserves, retained earnings analysis, analysis of property rights). Analysis of external resources (deposits). Investment analysis. Analysis of revenue. Profitability Analysis. Analysis of financial solvency. Using statistical methods appropriate average annual change, and the average growth rate, and simple regression, was reached following results:
1 - grow assets (uses of funds) at an increasing rate, and this demonstrates the ability of Syria International Islamic Bank to generate future cash flows, including it with high efficiency in its financial performance.
2 - grow liabilities ( sources of funds) increased continuously, and this indicates that the bank is the process of attracting deposits and development, as a result of the confidence gained by depositors which will reflect positively on its financial performance.
3- Revenue achieved high growth rates in most of the years of study and was Murabaha istisna, and leave ended Bittamleek formulas are used within the revenue from financing activities.
4 - low rates of investment grow with time in most years of the study, where there is an Islamic investment Kalmzarah formats and Musaqah. and the other did not enter the bank yet, as there are some formulas entered the bank in a limited way Kalmdharbh and participation.
The research aims to estimate allocated to quench agricultural areas in the coastal region, the amount of water during the period 2002-2012 in case of the use of modern irrigation (drip and sprinkler irrigation) instead of the traditional surface irr
igation according to water legalized each method and the rate of efficiency, as well as to estimate the losses in irrigation networks allocated to agriculture and the development of appropriate pricing mechanisms of government. Find the historical and descriptive approaches adopted, and it was the most important results:
1- The results showed that if the use of drip irrigation surface irrigation in the quench-based surface irrigation acreage allowance contributed to supply up to 40% of the water used in surface irrigation amounts, and an average (174 973 785) cubic meters during the period 2002- 2012.
2- The results showed that if the use of sprinkler irrigation surface irrigation instead of the quench-based surface irrigation acreage for contributed to the supplied amount to 28% of the water used in surface irrigation amounts, and an average (122 481 649) cubic meters during the period studied.
3- economic pricing of agricultural water demand for current pricing varies, it was found that there is a deficit in the recovery of operating and maintenance costs of the territory of farmer beneficiaries of the water public irrigation networks and adult (21,500) per hectare, compared with what is being collected (3500) for. Q per hectare.
This study was conducted in the Syrian coastal region, and the honey samples have
been collected from eight different sites belonging to the provinces of Latakia and Tartous
during the autumn of 2012. Their content of heavy metals (zinc, copper, le
ad & cadmium)
was estimated by Atomic Absorption at the Higher Institute for Environmental Research at
Tishreen University. The results showed that zinc concentration in the bee honey samples
ranged from 2.86 to 12.64 mg / kg (mean 7.98±3.67), and copper ranged from 0.125 to
0.652 mg / kg (mean 0.328±0.176 ), lead ranged from 0.084 to 0.378 mg / kg (mean
0.205±0.112), cadmium ranged from 0.0002 to 0.0132 mg / kg (mean 0.0053±0.0052). The
results indicated that the largest amounts of heavy metals were found in honey sample
taken from the apiary which is located at the eastern entrance of Latakia city (near Joud
factory), while the lower concentrations of zinc and lead were in Banias area (Wadi Al
Saqi), and the least concentration of copper was in Safita area, and of cadmium was in the
Gablah area (Bani Qahtan Castle).Comparing elements concentration in the studied honey
samples, Zinc concentration was found to be the highest, followed by copper, lead and then
finally cadmium.The results of statistical analysis indicated the existence of significant
differences between the studied sites during the autumn of 2012.
suggested questions
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
