Drought is a recurrent phenomenon and a normal feature of climate. It is one of the major natural hazards that frequently hits Syria, causing significant damages to ecosystems and social–economic environment, especially agricultural areas.
The purpo
se of current study is to estimate the degree of severity and the frequency of drought at seasonal and annual timescales in the southern region of Syria by applying the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) on the rainfall data recorded over (1958-2006) in four climatic stations: Damscus, Khrabo, Dara and El-Sweda.
The results showed that there were no significant changes or trends in annual winter and spring rainfall at southern region scale. They also showed its frequent exposure to drought. At annual timescale, Damscus and Khrabo stations were distinguished from the others by extreme drought, and Khrabo by severe drought. The season mostly exposed to drought events was spring, followed by winter and autumn seasons. The absence of the evere drought of Dara winter, and the extreme drought of Damscus and Khrabo autumn were also observed.
Drought is one of the most important challenges facing sustainable development in eastern Mediterranean regions, where water resources are already limited and ecosystems are fragile. Sums of weighted standardized monthly precipitation anomalies were
used to assess annual drought intensity, frequency and spatial extent in five climatic stations located in Syrian coastal region during the period 1966-2008.Changes in drought intensity were detected using trends with Mann – Kendall test. Results show that drought occurs with high frequency over all parts of the coastal region(up to 35% in some parts),but with different intensities.Extreme drought can hit all regions in some years as happened in 1972-1973. Moreover drought may strike the same region for three consecutive years (1988-1991). Also the results show an increasing tendency in drought intensityrelated to the decreasein drought index values (between 0.29-0.96). This can have serious ecological and economic consequences and will pose an increasing challenge to agriculture and the management of water resources in this region.
Climate change is the major global challenge facing water resources managers
because of its impacts on many life fields beginning with agriculture activities to economic
- social regions. In this study, drought in the eastern north of Syria have be
en investigated
(Hasake, Rakka, DerAzzor, Bokmal, Kameshli) using a set of data containing precipitation
data for period from 2000 to 2010, and MODIS time series images for the same period.
This study assure that 2008/2009 described as drought period in the study area, and the
NDVI maps ,which we have, give us an idea about the vegetation status and patterns in the
study area. The study clearly show that NDVI and rainfall was found to be highly
correlated in Rakka with P- Value= 0.003; and medium correlated in the other stations with
P- Value > 0.05.
Results of this study verify needing to use this index (NDVI), along with
precipitation data, in drought monitoring in the eastern north region of Syria. So that,. It
would help managers in making decisions to face drought in this area.
Due to the importance of climate changes and their strong and increasing influences
on different human and ecological systems, It is necessary to study and understand these
changes. This research aims to determine the direction and magnitude of the
change in
temperatures and rainfall trend during 1978-2011 in Latakia, Kasaab and Slenfeh. The
study has been done through the analysis of annual, seasonal, and monthly rainfall amount
and temperature average, which showed a significant increasing in the average annual
temperature in the three regions and significant seasonally increasing except for Winter in
Latakia and Slenfeh, Autumn in Latakia. But the annual rainfall changes were nonsignificant,
while seasonally rainfall increased significantly in Slenfeh Winter and
decreased in Kasaab Winter. After dividing the entire study duration into two equal periods
1978-1995, 1995-2011 and comparing the second period with the first one, we found a
significant increasing in the average annual temperature in the three regions,
non- significant in the annual and seasonal rainfall changes. The highest significant in
seasonal temperature in Latakia, Kasaab and Slenfeh reached +1.5, +2.9, +1.8 during
September, August، and May respectively. While the annual drought showed increased
trend in Latakia and kasaab and decreased one in Slenfeh.
The research aims to study the effects of the climatic elements, rain, dry heat and drought on
wheat and barley production (irrigated and rain-fed) in al-Hasakah station in the Eastern Province,
In order to achieve the objectives of the research a
series of pen'ds of time extending from 2001 to
2010, was adopted Based on the indexes, rates growth and multiple regression the most important
results were as the Following, relation:
1- There is a very strong and statistically significant between the irrigated wheat production
and rainfall, dry heat and drought index, wch was the most influential, effed followed by
precipitation drought index, and by dry heat.
2- There is no statistically significant relationship between rain-Fed wheat production and
rainfall dry heat or drought index.
3- There is a strong and statistically significant relationship between the production of
irrigated barley and rainfall, dry heat and drought index, The most influential effed was drought
index, followed by dry heat, and precipitation.
4- There is no statistically significant relationship between the production of rain-Fed barley
and rainfall and dry heat or drought index.
Understanding the relationship between root system and shoot related traits
is an important objective in crop breeding programs. Canonical correlation
analysis has been adopted to study the strength of association between the root
morphological tr
aits and shoot morphological traits under low-moisture stress
and well-watered conditions and to find the root morphological characters that
have the largest influence on shoot-related traits in seedling stage. Most of the
traits under study revealed a significant reduction under low-moisture stress
condition except root length which showed a significant increasing under the
same condition. Root length and root number were had the largest effect on
shoot dry weight and plant height under low-moisture stress and well-watered
condition. The results of cumulative redundancy showed that about 45% of the
total variability in the shoot-related characters is accounted for by the root
morphological characters under control condition and this percentage reduced
up to 41% under moisture stress.
Brutia pine tree grows radially and gives one ring per year, the width of
this ring is determined by environmental conditions especially by climatic
ones. Dendroclimatology concerns with studying the response of tree rings
to climatic conditions.
In order to study the radial growth of brutia pine
planted 1975 in Heir Brafa, Tartous, Syria.
In this study, drought in the eastern region of Syria (Hasake, Rakka,
DerAzzor, Bokmal & Kameshli) has been investigated using SPI, NDVI
indices.
We used a set of data containing precipitation data for period from 1975 to 2010 to calculate Standardized Precipitation Index SPI, and MODIS time series images in April for period from 2000 to 2010 to calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI.
