ارتكز موضوع البحث على قضية مهمة من المسائل العقدية ألا و هي (موقف المعتزلة من آيات صفات الله تعالى - دراسة نقدية)، و قد كان تقسيم البحث إلى: مقدمة و تمهيد، و ثلاثة مطالب، أما التمهيد فقد تضمن التعريف بالمعتزلة، و تضمن المطلب الأول: آيات الصفات و موقف السلف و المعتزلة منها، و تضمن المطلب الثاني: بيان ما أثبته المعتزلة و الرد عليهم، و تضمن المطلب الثالث
أيضاً: نماذج من تأويلهم و الرد عليهم من خلال أدلة نقليه و عقلية مفحمة، و قد توصل الباحث إلى نتائج مهمة تهم كل مسلم كان من أهمها: أن المعتزلة في مسألة صفات الله تعالى خالفت منهج الصحابة و التابعين و تابعيهم؛ لأنهم أرادوا تنزيه الخالق من قول المشبهة و المجسمة فوقعوا فيما هو شر من ذلك هو القول بالتعطيل، ثم إنهم قدموا العقل على النقل، و رأوا أن الدليل العقلي هو القطعي، فأولوا نصوص القرآن تأويلاً مجازياً و لاسيما ما يتعلق بصفات الله تعالى الأمر الذي عرض مذهبهم و عقيدتهم إلى النقد الشديد و الرد المفحم بالأدلة النقلية و العقلية،عبر سنوات طويلة من قبل علماء أهل السنة و الجماعة؛ لأن عقيدتهم تلك شقت عصا وحدة الأمة، و هكذا ظل فكرهم يمثل حجر عثرة نحو وحدة الأمة في الفكر و العقيدة، هذه هي خلاصة الدراسة لموضوع البحث فهذا جهد المقصر و المقل سائلاً الله أن ينفع به و الله المستعان.
The research study was based on an important issue of Alakeda: the exploration of
Almutazela’s standpoint of Allah’s attributes. This study was divided into: A
preface, an introduction, and three issues. In the Introduction Chapter, the concept
of Almutazela was defined. The first issue was related to the Ayats of the attributes
and the standpoint of the Alsalaf and Almutazela. The second issue included the
rationale provided by Almutazela and the response to it. The third issue involved
samples of Almutazela’s and the reply to them by providing solid mental and
transmission evidence. The key findings of the study are of particular importance to
every Muslim. One of these key findings is that Almutazela’s perspective in relation
to Allah’s attributes opposed Sahaba’s approach and their Tab’een as well as their
followers because they wanted to separate the Creator from the saying of the
representation and embodiment. As a result, they made a grave mistake represented
by saying to hinder. Yet, they preferred the mind rather than the transmission
(Quran) and regarded the mental evidence as the actual key. They interpreted the
texts of the Holy Quran in an allegorical and metaphorical way with particular
reference to Allah’s attributes. With regard to Alsuna, Almutazela ignored Alahad’s
Ahadeeth in so many issues of Alakeda, including the Ahadeeth related to Allah’s
qualities. Almutazela were skeptical of the tellers of Allah’s qualities, claiming that
such qualities did not benefit certainty. Almutazela recognized the group Hadeeth
but they put the mental evidence first. Therefore, they rejected several Hadeeths,
such as those related to intercession and Allah’s vision and others. Consequently,
Almutazela’s doctrine and Alakeda were severely criticized by providing mental and
transmission (Quran) evidence throughout many years, especially by the scientists of
Alsunha and Aljamaha. The main reason behind criticizing Almutazela is that they
affected Aluma’s unity negatively in Alakeda. Thus, Almutazela’s thinking remained
a major obstacle against the intellectual harmony in Alakeda. This is the abstract of
the research study. This effort is made by the humble, asking Allah to make it useful
and fruitful. God bless our work!.
References used
ابن رشد، 1964 م مناهج الأدلة في عقائد الملة، مع مقدمته في نقد مدارس علم الكلام. الطبعة · الثالثة، وتحقيق: د. محمود قاسم، مكتبة الإنجلو المصرية .
ابن قاضي شهبة أبي بكر بن محمد بن أحمد بن عمر، 1407 ه طبقات الشافعية. الطبعة · الأولى، تحقيق: الحافظ عبد الحليم خان، عالم الكتب، بيروت .
أبو السعود صلاح، 2004 -المعتزلة (نشأتهم- فرقهم-آراؤهم الفكرية).الطبعة الأولى، مكتبة النافذة، · مصر.
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