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Register a new userPlant Nematode Associated with the Wheat Rhizosphere in the Southern Region of Syria
النيماتودا المصاحبة للمحيط الجذري لمحصول القمح في المنطقة الجنوبية من سورية
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2003
fields
Plant Protecion
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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تم القيام بعملية حصر للأجناس النيماتودية المصاحبة لمحصول القمح في المنطقة الجنوبية من سورية، وذلك خلال الموسمين الزراعيين 01 / 2002 . تمت عملية الحصر في منطقتي الاستقرار الأولى و الثانية في محافظة درعا. تم فحص 600 عينة ترابية أخذت من محيط جذور القمح . استخلصت النيماتودا من العينات ثم تم تعريفها و حساب قيم التكرار لكل جنس نيماتودي. أظهرت الدراسة وجود 17 جنسًا نيماتوديًا مرافقًا لمحصول القمح، قسمت إلى ثلاث مجموعات بيئية حسب طبيعة التغذية. ضمت مجموعة النيماتودا الحرة ثمانية أجناس، النيماتودا المتطفلة على النبات و الفطر ثلاثة، في حين تكونت مجموعة النيماتودا المتطفلة على النبات من ستة أجناس.
A survey to record the genera of nematode associated with wheat in the south region of Syria was carried out during 2002/01. 600 soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of wheat and examined. Nematodes were extracted, identified and frequency was calculated for each genus. Results showed that 17 genera of nematode were associated with wheat. These genera were divided into three groups. The free living nematode consisted of eight genus, the plant and fungi nematode three genus and the plant parasitic nematode group contains six genus.
References used
Al-Ahmad, M. 1987. The status of plant parastitic nematodes in cereals, food and forage legumes in Syria. Pages193-198. In: Nematodes Parasitic to Cereals and Legumes in Temperate Semi-Arid Regions (M. C. Saxena, R. A. Sikora, and J. P. Srivastava, eds), 1-5 March 1987. Larnaca, Cyprus
Ambrogioni, L., Caroppo, S.and Palmisano, M. 1993. Population dynamics of plant parasitic nematodes under cereal rotations with different agrotechnical inputs. Agricoltura Ricerca, 152: 267-277
Barker, K. R. 1985. Sampling nematode communities. Pages 3-17. In: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne. (K. R. Barker, C. C. Carter, and J. N. Sasser eds).Methodology
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Monthly population fluctuations of plant parasitic nematode population
associated with root of cotton in central province fields in Syria were studied
over a 2-year period 2008-2009. In both years, the differences between monthly
samples were not
significant. Average of nematode population density in soil
decreased after sowing (May) and near the end of the season (at harvest) in
both years and in all of the central province fields, then the numbers of
nematode increased slowly again in June to reach a peak at mid-season (July).
Ghab region had the higher population density (1180.8 juveniles/100cm3 soil).
An increase in numbers of nematode in soil was accompanied with a decrease
in number in roots. Negative correlation was observed between average of the
initial population density and reproduction factor. Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne
incognita, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchorhynchus were dominant nematode species
in these fields. Also, the infestation of the first three nematode species was not
uniform.
A survey was conducted to determine the frequency and mean densities of
plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
after the harvesting season 2008 in Syria. Results showed that twelve genera of
plant-parasitic n
ematodes were found associated with cotton crop roots. The
distribution of nematode genera varied between the Syrian governorates,
Pratylenchus spp., Meloidogyne spp. and Rotylenchulus infect most cotton fields
in all syrian governorates. The distribution was relatively uniform between the
governorates. They occurred in 80.7%, 46.6% and 32.95%, respectively, of
tested fields with an average density of 137.2, 59.6 and 574.3 juveniles/100 cm3
soil, respectively. meanwhile, the genus Tylenchorhynchus was found in central
region only. Rotylenchulus was more prevalent in the heavier soils, but
Meloidogyne. was not influenced by soil type. The other nematode genera
detected in this survey were less frequent, their frequency of occurrence were
for Hoplolaimus (19.3%), Scutellonema (31.8%), Tylenchorhynchus (31.8%),
Helicotylenchus (30.7%), Rotylenchus (36.4%), Tylenchus (18.2%), Xiphinema
(3.4%).
Drought is a recurrent phenomenon and a normal feature of climate. It is one of the major natural hazards that frequently hits Syria, causing significant damages to ecosystems and social–economic environment, especially agricultural areas.
The purpo
se of current study is to estimate the degree of severity and the frequency of drought at seasonal and annual timescales in the southern region of Syria by applying the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) on the rainfall data recorded over (1958-2006) in four climatic stations: Damscus, Khrabo, Dara and El-Sweda.
The results showed that there were no significant changes or trends in annual winter and spring rainfall at southern region scale. They also showed its frequent exposure to drought. At annual timescale, Damscus and Khrabo stations were distinguished from the others by extreme drought, and Khrabo by severe drought. The season mostly exposed to drought events was spring, followed by winter and autumn seasons. The absence of the evere drought of Dara winter, and the extreme drought of Damscus and Khrabo autumn were also observed.
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of salmonella in the
bowels of the broiler carcass in poultry slaughterhouses in southern Syrian
governorates. 216 random samples of giblets included liver, spleen, heart and
gizzard) collected
weekly during March and September of 2011 from small
slaughterhouses in southern governorates were incubated in buffered peptone
water, selinite broth, Salmonella-Shigella agar and Hikton agar media. The
suspected colonies were subjected for staining and microscopically
examination. as well as to biochemical tests.
The study was conducted in the eastern region of Syria to know the extent of
cultivation development of wheat and cotton production and the factors
affecting these crops during 1996-2010. The results showed that the effect of
time on the productio
n and productivity of wheat was not changed statistically,
while the cotton area was decreased significantly during the study period. The
total production of wheat was also affected significantly and positively by
cultivated area and planting costs per hectare, and negatively by purchase
price, while the production of cotton was affected significantly and positively by
costs and purchase prices. According to the geographical region, the results
showed that the production in the eastern region was significantly affected by
Al-Raqqa production for wheat and cotton crops and Al-Hassake production
for wheat crop. However, wheat productivity at Deir Ezzor was significantly
superior compared to Al-Raqqa and Al-Hassake. The study recommended
expanding the cultivation of wheat and cotton and support and expand the role
of agricultural extension.
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