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Register a new userEstimating the Severity and Frequency of Annual and Seasonal Droughts in Some Locations in the Southern Region of Syria
تقدير شدة الجفاف الفصلي و السنوي و تكراره في بعض مواقع المنطقة الجنوبية من سورية
1824
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يعد الجفاف ظاهرة متكررة و سمة طبيعية للمناخ، و أحد المخاطر الطبيعية الكبرى التي تتعرض له سورية بشكل متكرر ملحقاً أضراراَ كبيرة بالنظم البيئية و الاجتماعية - الاقتصادية، و خاصة المناطق الزراعية. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقدير شدة الجفاف و تكراره على المستويين الفصلي و السنوي في المنطقة الجنوبية من سورية، بتطبيق مؤشر الهطل القياسي (SPI) على البيانات المطرية المسجلة خلال الفترة (1958 - 2006) في أربع محطات مناخية هي دمشق، خرابو، درعا و السويداء. أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود تغيرات أو اتجاهات معنوية في كميات الأمطار السنوية و الشتوية و الربيعية على مستوى منطقة الدراسة، و تعرضها إلى حوادث الجفاف بشكل متكرر. و تميزت محطتا دمشق و خرابو على المستوى السنوي عن باقي المحطات بالجفاف المتطرف، و خرابو بالجفاف الشديد. و تميز فصل الربيع بأنه الأكثر تعرضاً لحوادث الجفاف، يليه فصلا الشتاء و الخريف. كما لوحظ غياب الجفاف الشديد عن شتاء درعا، و الجفاف المتطرف عن خريف دمشق و خرابو.
Drought is a recurrent phenomenon and a normal feature of climate. It is one of the major natural hazards that frequently hits Syria, causing significant damages to ecosystems and social–economic environment, especially agricultural areas. The purpose of current study is to estimate the degree of severity and the frequency of drought at seasonal and annual timescales in the southern region of Syria by applying the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) on the rainfall data recorded over (1958-2006) in four climatic stations: Damscus, Khrabo, Dara and El-Sweda. The results showed that there were no significant changes or trends in annual winter and spring rainfall at southern region scale. They also showed its frequent exposure to drought. At annual timescale, Damscus and Khrabo stations were distinguished from the others by extreme drought, and Khrabo by severe drought. The season mostly exposed to drought events was spring, followed by winter and autumn seasons. The absence of the evere drought of Dara winter, and the extreme drought of Damscus and Khrabo autumn were also observed.
References used
AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY (AMS), Statement on meteorological drought. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 85, 2004.771–773
BELOW, R., E. GROVER-KOPEC, AND M. DILLEY, Documenting drought-related disaster: A global reassessment. The Journal of Environment and Development, 19(3): 2007.328-344
BOYER . J.S, Plant productivity and environment Science, 218: 1982.443-448
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