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Register a new userPopulation Dynamics of Plant Parasitic Nematode Associated with Root of Cotton in Central Province Fields in Syria
دينامية المجتمعات النيماتودية المتطفلة المرافقة لتربة نباتات القطن و جذوره في المنطقة الوسطى من سورية
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درست التغيرات الشهرية في تعداد مجتمعات النيماتودا المتطفلة المرافقة لتربة نباتات القطن و جذوره في حقول المنطقة الوسطى في سورية مدة موسمين 2008-2009 .حيث سجل انخفاض فـي متوسـط تعداد مجتمعات النيماتودا في التربة بعد الزراعة (شهر أيار) و قرب نهاية الموسم (شـهر آب) فـي كـلا الموسمين 2008-2009 ، و في كل حقول المنطقة الوسطى، ليعود التعداد للارتفاع ببطء في شهر حزيران ليصل إلى الذروة في منتصف الموسم (شهر تموز)، و سجلت منطقة الغاب أعلى متوسط كثافة عددية (69 تربة على التوالي) مقارنة ببقية المناطق الأخرى، و ترافقت الزيادة فـي أعـداد 3 و 8.1180 فرداً/100سم النيماتودا في التربة مع انخفاضها في الجذور. و لوحظ وجود علاقة سلبية بين متوسط الكثافـة العدديـة الأولية و معدل التكاثر. كما أظهرت نتائج التعريف سيادة الأنواع التابعة لأجنـاس .spp Pratylenchus و .spp Meloidogyne و .spp Rotylenchulus و .spp Tylenchorhynchus في هذه الحقـول. و لم تكن الإصابات بالأجناس الثلاثة الأولى منتظمة.
Monthly population fluctuations of plant parasitic nematode population associated with root of cotton in central province fields in Syria were studied over a 2-year period 2008-2009. In both years, the differences between monthly samples were not significant. Average of nematode population density in soil decreased after sowing (May) and near the end of the season (at harvest) in both years and in all of the central province fields, then the numbers of nematode increased slowly again in June to reach a peak at mid-season (July). Ghab region had the higher population density (1180.8 juveniles/100cm3 soil). An increase in numbers of nematode in soil was accompanied with a decrease in number in roots. Negative correlation was observed between average of the initial population density and reproduction factor. Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchorhynchus were dominant nematode species in these fields. Also, the infestation of the first three nematode species was not uniform.
References used
Barker, K. R.; C. J. Nusbaum and L. A. Nelson. (1969). Seasonal population dynamics of selected plant-parasitic nematodes as measured by three extraction procedures. Journal of Nematology. Vol.1. No.3: 232-239
Cabanillas, H. E.; J. M. Bradford and J. R. Smart. (1999). Effects of tillage, soil type, crop stand, and crop sequence on reniform nematodes after harvest. Nematropica. Vol.29. No.2: 137-146
Celyer, P. D.; T. L. Kirkpatrick; W. D. Caldwell and P. R. Vernon. (2000). Root-knot nematode reproduction and root galling severity on related conventional and transgenic cotton cultivars. Journal of Cotton Science. Vol.4. Issue.4: 232-236
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A survey was conducted to determine the frequency and mean densities of
plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
after the harvesting season 2008 in Syria. Results showed that twelve genera of
plant-parasitic n
ematodes were found associated with cotton crop roots. The
distribution of nematode genera varied between the Syrian governorates,
Pratylenchus spp., Meloidogyne spp. and Rotylenchulus infect most cotton fields
in all syrian governorates. The distribution was relatively uniform between the
governorates. They occurred in 80.7%, 46.6% and 32.95%, respectively, of
tested fields with an average density of 137.2, 59.6 and 574.3 juveniles/100 cm3
soil, respectively. meanwhile, the genus Tylenchorhynchus was found in central
region only. Rotylenchulus was more prevalent in the heavier soils, but
Meloidogyne. was not influenced by soil type. The other nematode genera
detected in this survey were less frequent, their frequency of occurrence were
for Hoplolaimus (19.3%), Scutellonema (31.8%), Tylenchorhynchus (31.8%),
Helicotylenchus (30.7%), Rotylenchus (36.4%), Tylenchus (18.2%), Xiphinema
(3.4%).
A survey to record the genera of nematode associated with wheat in the
south region of Syria was carried out during 2002/01. 600 soil samples were
collected from the rhizosphere of wheat and examined. Nematodes were
extracted, identified and frequ
ency was calculated for each genus. Results
showed that 17 genera of nematode were associated with wheat. These genera
were divided into three groups. The free living nematode consisted of eight
genus, the plant and fungi nematode three genus and the plant parasitic
nematode group contains six genus.
A study was conducted to investigate the presence of root knot nematode
(RKN) and other plant parasitic nematodes associated with Syrian most
important peach plantation areas. 126 soil and root samples were taken from
63 peach orchards of Ghuta, Z
abadani, Yabrod, Syrghaya and Kharabo at
Damascus governorate, and Tezeen, Kufr Ton, Khattab, Arzeh, Sheha,
Qamhaneh, Balhasen, Rastan, Mhardeh, Salmieh, Sqalbieh and Sharaya at
Hama governorate.
Results of the study revealed the presence of four aphid species which
spread in the wheat fields of Daraa during 2013.
They are: Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Rhopalosiphum padi (L),
Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) and Sitobion avenae (Fab).
S. gr
aminum was most widely amounted rate (48%), followed by specie
of R. padi (% 20) then R. maidis (% 16.8), and finally specie of S.
avenae rate (14.9%).
The appearance time of the different stages insect (nymphs, winged
insects, winged) for its specie and their arriving time to the peak were
identify.
Field survey was conducted to identify plant nematode genera associated
with maize crop during the period August-October 2003. The study was carried
out at two locations: Kharabo station (Damascus countryside) and Al-Mraieh
station (Deir Al-zowr)
in Syria. 36 complex samples were collected from roots
and rhizosphere soil; nematodes were extracted by two methods Sieving and
Baermann funnel, examined under microscope for identifi cation. Population
density and absulute frequency for each genera were calculated. Results of field
survey showed the presence of 14 genera of plant parasitic, 4 fungivorous, and
12 omnivorous nematodes in maize roots and rhizosphere soil .
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