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Register a new userThe meaning of the Philosophical System (System: Problems and Characteristics)
مفهوم النسق في الفلسفة (النسق: الإشكالات و الخصائص)
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Authors
سليمان أحمد الضاهر( باحث )
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هدف هذا البحث إلى كشف ماهية النسق الفلسفي، و إدراك بنيته و مكوناته الفكرية و تفسير خصائصه العامة. و لما كانت الدراسات في مثل هذه الموضوعات شحيحة جداً، و لاسيما العربية، ناهيك عن ندرة المراجع المتعلقة بهذا الموضوع؛ عمدنا أولاً إلى دراسة الإشكال النظري لمفهوم النسق في الفكر العربي، ثَم التمييز بين مضمون كل من النسق و المذهب، محاولين تعريف النسق الفلسفي ثَم تبيان خصائصه.
This research aims to show the meaning of "the philosophical system" and the recognition its structure, and explaining it. Because of the scarcity of such studies, especially in Arabic, beside the unavailability of the references related to the subject, we are going to study the theoretical problem about the concept of "system" in the Arabic thought, and to distinguish between the "system" and the "doctrine", trying to define the "philosophical system" and to clarify it's characters.
References used
إبراهيم، زكريا: مشكلة الفلسفة، مكتبة مصر، 1971
برقاوي، أحمد: العرب وعودة الفلسفة، دمشق، 2000
بنعبد العالي، عبد السلام: الميتافيزيقا، العلم والأيديولوجيا، دار الطليعة: . بيروت، ط2 1993
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The article has been split into two main parts; the first concerns
illustrating the nature of the relation between method and text and which
one is prior to another. We discriminated three main opinions in the
history of philosophy, which are:
•
The first opinion is adopted by those who prioritize System to
method.
• While the second opinion believers tend to prioritize method to
System.
• The third opinion favors merging and unifying method and
system.
We worked on analyzing and discussing these opinions, and tried
exposing their disadvantages, and expressed our opinions in this
particular.
The second part of the article is concerned with analyzing how to
read a philosophy text, in which we discriminated two types of readings:
• A closed interpretational reading.
• And a hermeneutical open reading.
The principle of causality is considered one of the most important philosophical and
scientific principles that played a seminal role in developing scientific and epistemic
research. This started with the commencement of philosophical thought. Sinc
e then the
early philosophers attempted to look for the first causes that formed the universe and the
real reasons that led to the phenomena and incidents happeningin it , Hence, the principle
of causality helped to present a general comprehensive viewpoint about the universe. This
viewpoint says that nature always undergoes fixed rules, phenomena becomes regular
according to a certain system and that the hierarchy of these phenomena is linked with
systems that have laws and certain causal liaisons .
With the advancement of science and knowledge, it has become clear to scientists
and thinkers that mind does not conclude laws save through a number of principles, one of
which is the principle of causality. Thus, scientific experiment shows that phenomena are
related to each other as the causesare related to the effects. This is explained through the
principle of causality by which it is possible to derive conclusions of the general laws that
rule the relationships between correlated phenomena , As a result of the causal theory,
many philosophical and scientific concepts that are strongly related to the principle of
causality emerged. Such concepts were that of necessity, inevitability and indeterminism
which in its turn led to the emergence of many philosophical doctrines and scientific
movements that contributed greatly to the scientific and epistemic sphere through the
theories and problematic questions they posed and probed.
This research tries to examine the concept of self within the framework of modern
philosophy and contemporary philosophy, in an attempt to highlight the role of this
concept in the formation of most of the philosophical doctrines from the Greek era
to the
contemporary philosophy, through modern philosophy.
In this research, we will attempt to study the formation of this concept in the
framework of modern and contemporary philosophy, to show the philosophers' interest in
this concept and the extent to which the concept is linked to the clarify their own
philosophy. Therefore, the research attempts to provide a follow-up reading of the concept
of self in a comparative historical context, in which we demonstrate that this concept is still
alive in contemporary philosophy, albeit with different names, such as reason, mind or
feeling.
We will conclude from this the importance of the concept of self in the philosophical
context, which still occupies an important space in the thinking of modern and
contemporary philosophers. Here we will try to ask several questions, including what is the
dualism of the soul and body. How can the soul be a logical synthesis, an emanated mind,
or a subjective feeling? In this research, we will try to answer these questions and other
questions that will appear in the context of the research.
In this study the urban system of the governorate of Lattakia has been examined
through the applicability of measurements of the equality of spatial distribution patterns of
cities (Demangeon Index and Lorenz curve), and those of Primacy and cities
size
distribution patterns (the Law of Primate city of Mark Jefferson, 1939, the Index of
Primacy of Stewart, and the hierarchical order of city through the Rank-size Rule - George,
K. Zipf, 1949). It has been identified on the size of the imbalance equilibrium in the system
urban cities through Urban Isostastic Index. The results of the study showed a clustered
patterns of the spatial distribution of urban centers according to the value of Demangeon
Index (0.42) and unequal distribution of urban population to the cities (75% of urban
population are distributed on 15% of cities). It showed also a great domination of the
primate city of Latakia on the urban system where the population volume was (6.1) time
bigger than the volume of the next cities according to Primacy Index; a great decrease of
the real value of the next cities comparing with the theoretical value of Law of Primate
City (16.4%) against (67%), and disability to applying the Rank-size Rule.
Human societies suffered from worsening manifestations of intolerance and violence and intolerance, Creating an imbalance in the foundations and principles and values that govern the relationship of the other so remove him intellectually and politi
cally, religiously and humanly ….. The absence of tolerance lead to rule mentality of prohibition and criminalization.
Conversely acquired the concept of tolerance many different meanings, and reflected a variety of images across different forms of human consciousness, Tolerance is no longer confined to the sectarian and religious side, but extended to the political, legal social side , Ethnic ....... ,These issues combined kick philosophers to raise a number of issues and issues relating to tolerance. Philosophy was one of the most fields of knowledge which has worked to entrench in the human mind.
.As the need for today - as in many periods of human history - To breathe life into the lofty human values and fertilized and dissemination, It may be appropriate to scrutinize the concept in terms of the philosophy of tolerance, Considering that philosophy is that test center where concepts and vital area to enrich and give them strength, impact strength in thought and behavior. Tolerance is hoped wagered not only a virtue but a necessity and existential social, cultural and political need. And in order to fortify the reality in front of all the risks of dogmatism and bigotry that can take us and targeting our existence and our gains and our aspirations.
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