Graph Convolutional Networks for Event Causality Identification with Rich Document-level Structures

We study the problem of Event Causality Identification (ECI) to detect causal relation between event mention pairs in text. Although deep learning models have recently shown state-of-the-art performance for ECI, they are limited to the intra-sentence setting where event mention pairs are presented in the same sentences. This work addresses this issue by developing a novel deep learning model for document-level ECI (DECI) to accept inter-sentence event mention pairs. As such, we propose a graph-based model that constructs interaction graphs to capture relevant connections between important objects for DECI in input documents. Such interaction graphs are then consumed by graph convolutional networks to learn document context-augmented representations for causality prediction between events. Various information sources are introduced to enrich the interaction graphs for DECI, featuring discourse, syntax, and semantic information. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark datasets.

The concept of Causality between Philosophy and Science

The principle of causality is considered one of the most important philosophical and scientific principles that played a seminal role in developing scientific and epistemic research. This started with the commencement of philosophical thought. Since then the early philosophers attempted to look for the first causes that formed the universe and the real reasons that led to the phenomena and incidents happeningin it , Hence, the principle of causality helped to present a general comprehensive viewpoint about the universe. This viewpoint says that nature always undergoes fixed rules, phenomena becomes regular according to a certain system and that the hierarchy of these phenomena is linked with systems that have laws and certain causal liaisons . With the advancement of science and knowledge, it has become clear to scientists and thinkers that mind does not conclude laws save through a number of principles, one of which is the principle of causality. Thus, scientific experiment shows that phenomena are related to each other as the causesare related to the effects. This is explained through the principle of causality by which it is possible to derive conclusions of the general laws that rule the relationships between correlated phenomena , As a result of the causal theory, many philosophical and scientific concepts that are strongly related to the principle of causality emerged. Such concepts were that of necessity, inevitability and indeterminism which in its turn led to the emergence of many philosophical doctrines and scientific movements that contributed greatly to the scientific and epistemic sphere through the theories and problematic questions they posed and probed.

The Relationship Between The Components of Economic Freedom and Political Freedoms : A Econometric Study on a Sample of MENA Countries

This study aimed to test the relationship between the components of economic freedom and political freedoms in (6) Arab countries of the (MENA) Group during the period 2006-2015, based firstly on studying and reviewing the intellectual trends and the empirical studies on this relationship. and secondly on a Econometric study based on (Panel Data), and an estimation of the parameters of the model after the tests of data stability using the (FEM) model which was chosen according to the (F-Statistique) value of the (Wald) test.

Studying the Relationship between Financial Development and Economic Growth in Syria (1980-2010)

This study investigates the relationship between the financial development and the economic growth in Syria during the period (1980-2010). The financial development was measured by the credit granted to the private sector and the broad money M2 whereas the economic growth was measured by the real gross domestic product per capita.

The Principle of Causality in Myth

This approach discusses the Causality principal in ancient Iraqain civilization trying to answer the important question which is: Did the Iraqian thought believe in Causality and depend on it? Did Iraqian Myths include this principle? And if the answer is yes, can we say that the ancient Iraqian Causality is similar to the temporary scientific Causality which dependson stationary lows in all cases? We will try to answer these questions depending on our understanding of the ancient Iraqian world: What is the relationship among its existents? What are the powers which control this world and how? And how much man canchangethe destiny of the world? These questions will be answered depending on the ancient Iraqian Myths trying to highlight importance of this civilization which have affected humanity.