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The Geographic Characteristics of Urban System in the Governorate of Lattakia (Syria) 2011

الخصائص الجغرافية للنظام الحضري في محافظة اللاذقية (سورية) 2011

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 Publication date 2016
  fields Geography
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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In this study the urban system of the governorate of Lattakia has been examined through the applicability of measurements of the equality of spatial distribution patterns of cities (Demangeon Index and Lorenz curve), and those of Primacy and cities size distribution patterns (the Law of Primate city of Mark Jefferson, 1939, the Index of Primacy of Stewart, and the hierarchical order of city through the Rank-size Rule - George, K. Zipf, 1949). It has been identified on the size of the imbalance equilibrium in the system urban cities through Urban Isostastic Index. The results of the study showed a clustered patterns of the spatial distribution of urban centers according to the value of Demangeon Index (0.42) and unequal distribution of urban population to the cities (75% of urban population are distributed on 15% of cities). It showed also a great domination of the primate city of Latakia on the urban system where the population volume was (6.1) time bigger than the volume of the next cities according to Primacy Index; a great decrease of the real value of the next cities comparing with the theoretical value of Law of Primate City (16.4%) against (67%), and disability to applying the Rank-size Rule.


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Research summary
تناولت الدراسة الخصائص الجغرافية للنظام الحضري في محافظة اللاذقية في سوريا لعام 2011، حيث تم تحليل نمط وعدالة التوزيع المكاني للمدن باستخدام مؤشرات مثل منحنى لورنز ومؤشر ديمانجون، بالإضافة إلى مقايس الهيمنة والتوزيع الحجمي مثل قانون المدينة الأولى لجيفرسون ودليل الهيمنة لستيوارت وقاعدة الرتبة-الحجم لزيف. أظهرت النتائج أن توزيع المدن في المحافظة متجمع وفق مؤشر ديمانجون (0.42) وأن هناك عدم تساوي في توزيع السكان الحضر على المدن، حيث يتوزع 75% من السكان الحضر على 15% من المدن. كما أظهرت النتائج هيمنة قوية للمدينة الأولى (اللاذقية) على النظام الحضري، حيث تجاوز حجم سكانها حجم المدن التالية بمقدار 6.1 مرة وفق مؤشر الهيمنة. وأشارت الدراسة إلى عدم إمكانية تطبيق قاعدة الرتبة-الحجم، مما يدل على غياب التدرج الهرمي في توزيع المدن. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن النظام الحضري في المحافظة غير متوازن ويعاني من هيمنة المدينة الأولى، مما يستدعي اتخاذ تدابير لتخفيف الضغط على المدينة الأولى وتطوير المدن الصغيرة والمناطق الريفية لتعزيز التوازن الحضري.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تُعد الدراسة مهمة في تسليط الضوء على التوزيع غير المتوازن للسكان في محافظة اللاذقية، إلا أنها تعتمد بشكل كبير على بيانات قديمة تعود لعام 2011، مما قد يؤثر على دقة النتائج في ظل التغيرات الديموغرافية الكبيرة التي شهدتها سوريا خلال السنوات الأخيرة. كما أن الدراسة تركز بشكل رئيسي على التحليل الكمي دون التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى العوامل النوعية التي قد تؤثر على توزيع السكان مثل العوامل الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، قد تكون التوصيات المقدمة غير كافية لتحقيق التوازن الحضري المطلوب، حيث تحتاج إلى خطط تنفيذية واضحة ومحددة لتحقيق الأهداف المرجوة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي المؤشرات المستخدمة في الدراسة لتحليل توزيع السكان الحضر؟

    استخدمت الدراسة مؤشرات مثل منحنى لورنز ومؤشر ديمانجون لتحليل نمط وعدالة التوزيع المكاني، بالإضافة إلى مقايس الهيمنة والتوزيع الحجمي مثل قانون المدينة الأولى لجيفرسون ودليل الهيمنة لستيوارت وقاعدة الرتبة-الحجم لزيف.

  2. ما هي النتائج الرئيسية التي توصلت إليها الدراسة بشأن توزيع السكان الحضر في محافظة اللاذقية؟

    أظهرت النتائج أن توزيع المدن متجمع وفق مؤشر ديمانجون (0.42) وأن هناك عدم تساوي في توزيع السكان الحضر على المدن، حيث يتوزع 75% من السكان الحضر على 15% من المدن. كما أظهرت النتائج هيمنة قوية للمدينة الأولى (اللاذقية) على النظام الحضري، حيث تجاوز حجم سكانها حجم المدن التالية بمقدار 6.1 مرة وفق مؤشر الهيمنة.

  3. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة لتحقيق التوازن الحضري في محافظة اللاذقية؟

    أوصت الدراسة بتخفيف ضغط الهجرة الريفية نحو المدينة الأولى (اللاذقية) من خلال تطوير المدن الصغيرة والمناطق الريفية، وتحفيز الاستثمارات غير الزراعية مثل الاستثمارات السكنية والصناعية والسياحية، وإنشاء مدن جديدة لتحقيق التوازن في توزيع السكان الحضر.

  4. ما هي العوامل التي قد تؤثر على دقة نتائج الدراسة؟

    تعتمد الدراسة على بيانات قديمة تعود لعام 2011، مما قد يؤثر على دقة النتائج في ظل التغيرات الديموغرافية الكبيرة التي شهدتها سوريا خلال السنوات الأخيرة. كما أن الدراسة تركز بشكل رئيسي على التحليل الكمي دون التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى العوامل النوعية مثل العوامل الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية.


References used
BEAUJEU-GARNIER, J. Géographie urbaine. 5ème éd., Armand Colin, Paris, 1998, 349p
JAYASINGHE, A.B., DISSANAYAKE. M. K. N. P. K. The validity of Rank-Size Rule ( George Zipf, 1949), Law of Primate City (Mark Jefferson, 1939) and Rank size class concepts case of Sri Lanka, SAITM Research Symposium on Engineering Advancement, 2014, pp. 186-191
GALIANI, S., KIM, S. Political Centralization and Urban Primacy. University of Chicago Press. Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c11997. Published in August 2011
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