The paper reports the results of a translationese study of literary texts based on translated and non-translated Russian. We aim to find out if translations deviate from non-translated literary texts, and if the established differences can be attribu
ted to typological relations between source and target languages. We expect that literary translations from typologically distant languages should exhibit more translationese, and the fingerprints of individual source languages (and their families) are traceable in translations. We explore linguistic properties that distinguish non-translated Russian literature from translations into Russian. Our results show that non-translated fiction is different from translations to the degree that these two language varieties can be automatically classified. As expected, language typology is reflected in translations of literary texts. We identified features that point to linguistic specificity of Russian non-translated literature and to shining-through effects. Some of translationese features cut across all language pairs, while others are characteristic of literary translations from languages belonging to specific language families.
In this study, we have normalized and lemmatized an Old Literary Finnish corpus using a lemmatization model trained on texts from Agricola. We analyse the error types that occur and appear in different decades, and use word error rate (WER) and diffe
rent error types as a proxy for measuring linguistic innovation and change. We show that the proposed approach works, and the errors are connected to accumulating changes and innovations, which also results in a continuous decrease in the accuracy of the model. The described error types also guide further work in improving these models, and document the currently observed issues. We also have trained word embeddings for four centuries of lemmatized Old Literary Finnish, which are available on Zenodo.
What is the best way to learn embeddings for entities, and what can be learned from them? We consider this question for the case of literary characters. We address the highly challenging task of guessing, from a sentence in the novel, which character
is being talked about, and we probe the embeddings to see what information they encode about their literary characters. We find that when continuously trained, entity embeddings do well at the masked entity prediction task, and that they encode considerable information about the traits and characteristics of the entities.
The impact of the "crisis of comparative literature" (Renee Wilk) in the critical
center of the fire spread in the wild, although the vocabulary did not bear new added to the
efforts of critics and comparison in his time and before. From a research
er dealing with the
issues of comparative literature only pointed out a statement or hint To what Wilk
discussed in his crisis.
The pages of this research may be able to capture the knowledge and methodology of
WELC in formulating the points presented in its crisis, relying on extrapolation and
devising a means, and a tool for the fairness of the previous efforts objectively and
impartially, And its objectives.
Researchers and critics focus on the French comparative research, which is clear and
requires no proof. But perhaps we need to be steadfast by the Russian thinkers and critics.
The research attempts to complete the opening of some neglected windows
with the
intent or purpose of extrapolating and checking the situation that we are repressing through
the prelude to the confidence of the ideas and opinions that produced what is known as the
Russian comparative trend.
the aim of
this paper is to shed light on Shakespeare’s translation into Arabic.
The research corpus consists of Shakespeare’s play Antony and
Cleopatra and its translations into Arabic. So some examples from
the original text are chosen and comp
ared with their Arabic
counterparts to show how the Shakespearean text is transferred into
Arabic as both form and content.
Translation forms a scientific, artistic and procedural house that receives texts whose
language and culture are peculiar. It probes them and explores their unique ideas and
treasures to quench its thirst for it is a science and an end by itself. I
t has its bases, its
factors, importance and tools, and it tries to quench others when it becomes a bridge
between different nations and cultures and their various ways of thinking. From this
perspective, the title is a kind of analysis, of what the subtitle is: the essence of translation,
and the comparative literary research so that both will be the object of our study in
continuation of previous studies whose echo could be seen by the reader directly or
indirectly of for being similar.
This research aimed to identify Literary Appreciation Skills
necessary for students in the Fourth Grade of Basic Education, and
identify the effectiveness of Drawing Expressive and Imaginative
on development of these skills. To achieve these main
goals were to
follow the Experimental Methodology; by preparing a list of
Literary Appreciation Skills, build a test of Literary Appreciation,
and design a series of lessons based on Drawing Expressive and
Imaginative Strategy. The proposed measurement tools and strategy
have been applied on a random sample of 64 students from the
Fourth Grade of Basic Education in the city of Palmyra, it has been
divided into two groups: experimental studied by using Drawing
Expressive and Imaginative Strategy, and control studied by usual
method.
This study is based on the monitoring attempt based on combining three fields of knowledge are: philosophy, history, literature, reflected this attempt in the biography of science is the science of the history of ideas, and this is science culminatio
n of the evolution of the two fields the first two; philosophy evolved Mbagesha of (metaphysics), to ( theory of knowledge); also resulted in other sciences as a science meeting, and Ethics. As history has maintained relative stability in terms of subject matter, identify the actions of human beings and their curricula, until the appearance of the philosophy of history taught ideal motives and Supreme underlying structures behind human.
The third field any literature has remained a laboratory for each development, it is the scene of test philosophy forest, and specifically different research methods included in the field who is also the document adopted by historians in their studies and their work in the course of nations and their actions .
The Mathol study presented is another type of philosophy, literary, which to this type of approach substantive literature to Atjal Thread literary purpose as much Matjal ideas - the constituent units of this topic purpose, and therefore taught literature and the same thought in the dynamics and evolution and change, being studied in more Msarha inclusive diversity in literature, and are in the process of typing another kind of history is the history of an individual separate from the history Bashklah unwavering: metaphysician (divine), and material (ground)
This research work tackles the strange contradiction between the political
history and the literary history of the Ottoman period.
In the first history, there is a general agreement about its end at the finish
of the First World War. In the second
, it is commonly held that is end is
with the Napolyonic campaign on Egypt in 179g, but some literary
historians did not agree; despite this they used the common belief
consequently, this work notes that this problem led to two dangerous
things: first, the misunderstanding and the underestimation of the
Ottoman literature in its important objective and artistic values.
After pointing to this problem, the work tries to trace the continued
Ottoman elements in the literature of the Renaissance period. It finds out
also that this period is so active with the Ottoman reign more than any
other period. This in its turn led to the conclusion that the movement of
the late Arab literature into modern Arab literature was gradual.
Accordingly, this research work considers the First World War as the end
of the Arab literature during the Ottoman period.
