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الترجمة و الدراسة الأدبية المقارنة
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عيد محمود( باحث )
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تشكل الترجمة منزلاً علمياً و فنياً و إجرائياً، يستقبل النصوص الغريبة لغة و ثقافة و حضارة، يسبر أغوارها و يكشف كنوزها و أفكارها المنعتقة فيها، فيروى عطشه بوصفه علماً و غاية، له أسسه و مقوماته و ضروبه و أدواته، و يحاول إرواء غيره عندما يصبح وسيلة و جسر عبور إلى لغات القوميات و ثقافاتها و حضاراتها و طرائق تفكيرها. و من هذا المبدأ يلقى عنوان البحث صداه استقراءً، و تحليلاً، و تدقيقاً، و مناقشة، و استنباطاً فيما يتضمنه العنوانان الفرعيان، ماهية الترجمة، و الدراسة الأدبية المقارنة و الترجمة، ليكونا معاً هدف البحث و غايته، استكمالاً للبحوث السابقة، التي يجد المتلقي صداها، تصريحاً أو تلميحاً أو تشابهاً كون الموضوع واحداً.
Translation forms a scientific, artistic and procedural house that receives texts whose language and culture are peculiar. It probes them and explores their unique ideas and treasures to quench its thirst for it is a science and an end by itself. It has its bases, its factors, importance and tools, and it tries to quench others when it becomes a bridge between different nations and cultures and their various ways of thinking. From this perspective, the title is a kind of analysis, of what the subtitle is: the essence of translation, and the comparative literary research so that both will be the object of our study in continuation of previous studies whose echo could be seen by the reader directly or indirectly of for being similar.
References used
د . يوسف عوض، علم النص و نظرية الترجمة، مكتبة مكة المكرمة، 1988
د . يعقوب البيطار، د. عيد محمود، الأدب المقارن، منشورات جامعة تشرين، 2009-2010
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The paper reports the results of a translationese study of literary texts based on translated and non-translated Russian. We aim to find out if translations deviate from non-translated literary texts, and if the established differences can be attribu
ted to typological relations between source and target languages. We expect that literary translations from typologically distant languages should exhibit more translationese, and the fingerprints of individual source languages (and their families) are traceable in translations. We explore linguistic properties that distinguish non-translated Russian literature from translations into Russian. Our results show that non-translated fiction is different from translations to the degree that these two language varieties can be automatically classified. As expected, language typology is reflected in translations of literary texts. We identified features that point to linguistic specificity of Russian non-translated literature and to shining-through effects. Some of translationese features cut across all language pairs, while others are characteristic of literary translations from languages belonging to specific language families.
This study is based on the monitoring attempt based on combining three fields of knowledge are: philosophy, history, literature, reflected this attempt in the biography of science is the science of the history of ideas, and this is science culminatio
n of the evolution of the two fields the first two; philosophy evolved Mbagesha of (metaphysics), to ( theory of knowledge); also resulted in other sciences as a science meeting, and Ethics. As history has maintained relative stability in terms of subject matter, identify the actions of human beings and their curricula, until the appearance of the philosophy of history taught ideal motives and Supreme underlying structures behind human.
The third field any literature has remained a laboratory for each development, it is the scene of test philosophy forest, and specifically different research methods included in the field who is also the document adopted by historians in their studies and their work in the course of nations and their actions .
The Mathol study presented is another type of philosophy, literary, which to this type of approach substantive literature to Atjal Thread literary purpose as much Matjal ideas - the constituent units of this topic purpose, and therefore taught literature and the same thought in the dynamics and evolution and change, being studied in more Msarha inclusive diversity in literature, and are in the process of typing another kind of history is the history of an individual separate from the history Bashklah unwavering: metaphysician (divine), and material (ground)
ألف الدارسون نمطًا معينًا من الدراسات الترجمية التي تركز على مدى مطابقة
الترجمة للنص الأصلي، و ضاعت جهود كبيرة لم تكن دائمًا مفيدة. يحاول هذا البحث
التركيز على جانب آخر من الترجمة أعتقد أنه أكثر أهمية، و يتعلق بدراسة تلقي
الترجمات على مستويات متعد
دة، بعيدًا عن المطابقة الحرفية بين الترجمة و النص
الأصلي. إن دراسة تلقي الترجمات تسمح لنا برؤية الفعل الحقيقي لهذه النصوص في
المنظومة الثقافية التي تستقبلها. و قد يؤدي هذا الفعل إلى خلخلة مجموعة من الثوابت
الفنية، أو الفكرية، أو الاجتماعية. و نعتقد أن هذا الجانب له الأهمية الأولى في البحوث
التي تتناول دراسة الترجمة و علاقتها بالأدب المقارن. يسمح لنا الأدب المقارن بفهم
كثير من الآليات التي تتحكم بعملية الترجمة على مستوى الأفراد و الجماعات، بحسب
توجه الرأي العام. إن غياب مراكز البحوث في البلدان العربية و التي تتبع عملية
الترجمة و استقبالها يحرم مراكز القرار في هذه البلدان من التحكم بالرأي العام العربي
و العالمي. يحاول هذا البحث أن يلفت النظر إلى هذه المسألة الخطيرة.
The present study is an ongoing research that aims to investigate lexico-grammatical and stylistic features of texts in the environmental domain in English, their implications for translation into Ukrainian as well as the translation of key terminological units based on a specialised parallel and comparable corpora.
We present a tagset for the annotation of quantification which we currently use to annotate certain quantified statements in fictional works of literature. Literary texts feature a rich variety in expressing quantification, including a broad range of
lexemes to express quantifiers and complex sentence structures to express the restrictor and the nuclear scope of a quantification. Our tagset consists of seven tags and covers all types of quantification that occur in natural language, including vague quantification and generic quantification. In the second part of the paper, we introduce our German corpus with annotations of generalising statements, which form a proper subset of quantified statements.
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