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بين ألكسندر فيسيلوفسكي و فيكتور جيرمونسكي
1712
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Authors
عيد محمود( باحث )
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تركيز الباحثين و النقاد المقارنين، نظرياً و تطبيقياً ـ على ما فرزه الدرس الفرنسي المقارن أمر لا يحتاج إلى كبير عناء لإثباته، أما عدم تركيزهم على ما قدمه غيرهم من المنظّرين خارج فرنسا، لابل عدد لا بأس به داخلها، و خاصة ما قدمه المفكرون و النقاد الألمان و الروس، أمر يحتاج إلى وقفة و عناية. و من هذا الباب، يحاول البحث استكمال فتح بعض النوافذ المهملة -بقصد أو من دون قصد- استقراءً و تدقيقاً، و مناقشة و استنباطاً، من خلال الوقوف على ما قدمه كل من ألكسندر فيسيلوفسكي و فيكتور جيرمونسكي من أفكار و آراء، اتفقا في بعضها و تمايزا في بعضها الآخر ـ أنتجت ما بات يعرف بالاتجاه الروسي المقارن. ليشكل هذا كله هدف البحث و غايته، في محاولة لمسح الغبار عن جانب مهم قد يكون بديلاً منهجياً لاتجاهات أخرى.
Researchers and critics focus on the French comparative research, which is clear and requires no proof. But perhaps we need to be steadfast by the Russian thinkers and critics. The research attempts to complete the opening of some neglected windows with the intent or purpose of extrapolating and checking the situation that we are repressing through the prelude to the confidence of the ideas and opinions that produced what is known as the Russian comparative trend.
References used
أ. فيسيلوفسكي، كتاب النظم التأريخي، ليننغراد، 1940 . (بالروسية).
د. حسام الخطيب، الأدب المقارن، ج 1، مطبعة الانماء، دمشق، 1982.
اس. اس براور، الدراسات الأدبية المقارنة ت. عارف حديفة، منشورات وزارة الثقافة، دمشق 1986.
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Van Tijm and Victor Gremonsky, in their comparative monetary work, have
established two closely related, largely divergent approaches and research methods. The
first to follow the approach of EvelFeilmann to look at international literary relations
is a
certain historical causation (historical theory). And the second approach to the theory of
typology, influenced by the writings of A. Vesilowski monetary, influenced by German
philosophers, starting in the second half of the eighteenth century. The term similarities
and differences between literatures is presented as a result of similarity or difference in the
movement of the development of societies and their conditions.
However, their divergence in principle did not override their agreement on some
partial issues and their divergence in other matters. This is what the research will try to
look at, using extrapolation as a means to elucidate judgments, which were ignored by
scholars and interested parties, in the hope of giving each person the right, both impartially
and objectively, to adopt their texts.
This research will discuss the reduction between Husserl and Merloponte, where
reductionism is one of the elements of Husserl’s phenomenological approach, which is the
way the transcendental ego is used to reach the anemones. Phenomenology has infl
uenced
many of the later philosophies, especially existentialism, where the latter attempted to
apply Phenomenology from the arena of feeling to the realm of existence, and Merloponte
as existential philosopher of the Phenomenology applied to his philosophy. This research
will focus on how Husserl and Merloponte treated the reduction, and what are the points of
intersection and difference between the philosophers. This research addresses the meaning
of the Pythagorean and phoenomological and Mahawe reduction in each, and how
Merloponte achieved a leap and overcome Husserl in a manner consistent with his
philosophy based on perception.
The city of "Alalakh" was the center of an Kingdom in the northwestern corner of
Syria during the 18-14 centuries BC , and enjoy cultural and commercial importance , and
built important link with Anatolia .
Archaeological Excavations at the site(1
937-1949) revealed about 900 written text
of cuneiform and Akkadian language , it helps to know the nature of the political,
administrative and economic situation in Alalakh, and its foreign relations .
Among them a treaty held by the King Idrimi ( 15th century BC) with Pilia the
King of Kizzuwatna a neighbors Kingdom to the north , in the regions of Cilicia .
It is one of dozens of treaties concluded between the kingdoms of the ancient Near
East, major and minor, since the third millennium BC until the first. The Treaty is
especially important in several aspects, most notably that pinned between the two
kingdoms adjacent were faced with challenges affecting their existence and sovereignty of
both.
This study tries to afford answers to a number of questions that arose concerning the
causes and the consequences of the war. What is conspiracy theory? Is there a conspiracy
on Syria? Where were the origins of conspiracy theory laid? What was the
role that
conspiracy played in the war on Syria?
Could the war on Syria really be just a result of the conspiracy or were there
additional eternal causes?
The study concludes that:1. War on Syria was an inevitability that most, if not all,
societies will arrive to.2. Creating “ Conspiracy theory” in Syria, is a Conspiracy itself. 3.
Believing in Conspiracy is a significant goal of conspiracy itself. 4. Supporting a
Conspiracy theory in Syria serves the great powers that invented the theory. 5. There is no
metaphysical roots of Conspiracy but historical causes founded in the social and economic
relations. 6. Regional and international powers put a further nail in the coffin of conspiracy
on Syria.
This study is based on the formulation of the concept of inclusion, which means the
meaning of another word, and giving it its name. This is called the name because the
meaning does not come explicitly to mention it, but rather to the other. The wo
rd becomes
the meaning of two words, Arabic, and it is one of the most beautiful chapters in it; if you
meditate on it, you know from it and with it what the letters of meanings have revealed to
you, and it shows an advantage, you see the name or letter with an action. This formulation
is based on the books of Alkhasayis of Ibn Jinni, and the Moghnii El-Labib on the books
of the Aarib Ibn Hisham Al-Ansari.
The contents of this study are based on two main methods:
First, he understands what is alternating and rotating between the letters of the
traction in Arabic; he knows exactly what this art has on its basis.
The second is to understand the meanings of deeds when acts include the meanings
of other acts as follows:
- Include the necessary meaning of infringing.
- Inclusion of the infringer.
- Inclusion between transgressions.
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