Quantifying Contextual Aspects of Inter-annotator Agreement in Intertextuality Research

We report on an inter-annotator agreement experiment involving instances of text reuse focusing on the well-known case of biblical intertextuality in medieval literature. We target the application use case of literary scholars whose aim is to document instances of biblical references in the apparatus fontium' of a prospective digital edition. We develop a Bayesian implementation of Cohen's kappa for multiple annotators that allows us to assess the influence of various contextual effects on the inter-annotator agreement, producing both more robust estimates of the agreement indices as well as insights into the annotation process that leads to the estimated indices. As a result, we are able to produce a novel and nuanced estimation of inter-annotator agreement in the context of intertextuality, exploring the challenges that arise from manually annotating a dataset of biblical references in the writings of Bernard of Clairvaux. Among others, our method was able to unveil the fact that the obtained agreement depends heavily on the biblical source book of the proposed reference, as well as the underlying algorithm used to retrieve the candidate match.

Towards Document-Level Human MT Evaluation: On the Issues of Annotator Agreement, Effort and Misevaluation

Document-level human evaluation of machine translation (MT) has been raising interest in the community. However, little is known about the issues of using document-level methodologies to assess MT quality. In this article, we compare the inter-annotator agreement (IAA) scores, the effort to assess the quality in different document-level methodologies, and the issue of misevaluation when sentences are evaluated out of context.

Jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal to determine the procedural law of the arbitration dispute

We dealt with in this research, Jurisdiction of arbitrators in determining arbitral proceedings. We presented the extent to which the arbitral tribunal was free to choose procedural law and how to choose procedural rules. We have also been exposed to restrictions on the arbitral tribunal's freedom to determine procedural law.

Between Vycyleviski and Germonski

Researchers and critics focus on the French comparative research, which is clear and requires no proof. But perhaps we need to be steadfast by the Russian thinkers and critics. The research attempts to complete the opening of some neglected windows with the intent or purpose of extrapolating and checking the situation that we are repressing through the prelude to the confidence of the ideas and opinions that produced what is known as the Russian comparative trend.

Molecular Characterization of Some Sunflower Oil Genotypes (Helianthus annuus L.) Using SSR

The research was executed in Biotechnology Lab (Faculty of Agriculture – Damascus University), during the season 2016. Sixteen genotypes of Sunflower Oil were planted to study the genetic diversity among these genotypes and to determine the degree of genetic Agreement using the technique SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats).

Arbitrator's authority in the control of the arbitration agreement

We dealt with in this research, the subject of Arbitrator's authority in the control of the arbitration agreement, And our offer controls that jurisdiction, in terms of the legal basis for him. Pena also the effects of the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal in the control of the arbitration agreement, In terms of the content of this jurisdiction and scope.

The Egyptian family court between the Shari’ah and the law

The koran came down to earth in order to reform the human relations and the society. The koranic verses have proved that the organized family is the core and the fundament of the civilization of nations. This study will uncover the texts and the rules mentioned in the koranic verses, which have been subsequently used by the legislator as the base of the law number 10 to create the family courts. The intensive cooperation between the national committees of woman, infancy and maternity and the civil associations, known to care about the Egyptian family, lead to create this law with all the advantages which consider the best interests of people, to facilitate them and to give them the means to demand justice.

Executive measures which could be applied by the coastal state in the regionalized sea

The custom was settled that the coastal state had complete sovereignty on its regionalized sea, benthos, interiority of benthos and layers of atmosphere, taking for granted that this sovereignty was restricted by the international community interests which known as “the right of innocent passage”. The effectiveness of rules of international law, which was related to regionalized sea, depended on its ability to achieve balance between the interest of coastal state in its sovereignty on regionalized sea and the interest of international community in the navigation across the regionalized sea. In fact, this could be achieved when states were committed to enact legislations, measures and executive procedures which were compatible with international law which could led to the settlement of international relations in this part of the sea.

The impact of GAFTA implementation on the most important fruits (apple and orange) in Syria

Fruits' trading is considered one of the most important agricultural trades in Syria, due to its big incomings and its role in supporting the national economy. GAFTA members are representing the biggest partner for Syria in this trade. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of GAFA on the exports and imports of orange and apple which are considered the most important Syrian fruits, by using dummy variables through the time series of (1994 - 2010). The research showed that GAFTA had no significant impact on any of the studied commodities through the transitional phase (1998-2004), while it had a positive significant effect on both of the exports and imports of these commodities after the full implementation stage (2005-2010). Significant differences were found between the three stages (before- during- after) GAFTA implementation. after implementation stage showed significant differences comparing to the other stages, in which the exports and imports of both orange and apple had increased in this stage comparing to the previous ones by quantity and value.

Study of the success grafting of pear varieties Cocia and Williams and Quince variety Saidawi on the Syrian rootstock Pyrus syriaca Boiss. And development of produced seedlings

This research was conducted in seedling area belonging to Tishreen University and in the Coast seedling belonging to Agricultural Directorate in Lattakia. Results has shown that, the pear variety Cocia grafted on pear Syrian rootstock was significantly better than pear variety Williams and Quince variety Saidawi grafted on the same rootstock, where the percentage of grafting were 100%, 90% and 66.67% consequently, and in the next year 93.33%, 76.67% and 54.00% consequently. Results has shown a good agreement between a variety Cocia and a used rootstock in comparison with the tow other varieties. The results of analytical calculation has shown that, the variety Cocia was better than the tow other varieties Williams and Saidawi in graft-height, also, Williams variety was better than Saidawi variety, and this confirm that, the Cocia variety in medium growth when it grafted on pear Syrian rootstock, whereas, Williams variety was in poor growth and Saidawi variety was very poor in growth when they were grafted on the same rootstalk especially in the first years of grafting.