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Register a new userThe impact of GAFTA implementation on the most important fruits (apple and orange) in Syria
أثر تطبيق منطقة التجارة الحرة العربية الكبرى (غافتا) على أهم محاصيل الفواكه (التفاح و البرتقال) في سورية
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تعد تجارة الفواكه من أكثر أنواع التجارة الزراعية أهمية في سورية، و ذلك بسبب عوائدها الكبيـرة من جهة و دورها في دعم الاقتصاد الوطني من جهة أخرى، و تمثل دول منطقة التجارة الحـرة العربيـة الكبرى الشريك الأول لسورية في هذه التجارة. هدفت الدراسة إلى تقويم أثر غافتا على صادرات و واردات كل من البرتقال و التفاح، باعتبارهما أهـم محاصيل الفواكه السورية، و ذلك باستخدام المتغيرات الصماء عبر سلسلة زمنية تمتد مـن 1994 إلـى 2010 .و بينت الدراسة أن الاتفاقية لم يكن لها تأثير معنوي على أي من السلعتين المدروسـتين خـلال المرحلة الانتقالية (1998-2004) . بينما كان لها تأثير معنوي إيجابي على صادرات و واردات كـل مـن هاتين السلعتين بعد التطبيق الكامل للاتفاقية (2005-2010) .و تبين بالدراسة وجود فروق معنوية بـين المراحل الثلاث (ما قبل- خلال- ما بعد) تطبيق الاتفاقية، و أن مرحلة ما بعد التطبيق الكامـل للاتفاقيـة أظهرت فروقاً معنوية عن باقي المراحل، و ازدادت الصادرات من التفاح و البرتقال في هذه المرحلة بمقدار 28,107 و 68,87 ألف طن على التوالي عن المرحلة الأولى و 92,92 و 37,71 ألف طن عـن المرحلـة الثانية، و كذلك ازدادت الواردات من التفاح و البرتقال بمقدار 08,2 و 68,13 ألف طن على التـوالي عـن المرحلة الأولى و 2 و 8,12 ألف طن على التوالي عن المرحلة الثانية.
Fruits' trading is considered one of the most important agricultural trades in Syria, due to its big incomings and its role in supporting the national economy. GAFTA members are representing the biggest partner for Syria in this trade. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of GAFA on the exports and imports of orange and apple which are considered the most important Syrian fruits, by using dummy variables through the time series of (1994 - 2010). The research showed that GAFTA had no significant impact on any of the studied commodities through the transitional phase (1998-2004), while it had a positive significant effect on both of the exports and imports of these commodities after the full implementation stage (2005-2010). Significant differences were found between the three stages (before- during- after) GAFTA implementation. after implementation stage showed significant differences comparing to the other stages, in which the exports and imports of both orange and apple had increased in this stage comparing to the previous ones by quantity and value.
References used
Bisso, R. 2009. Development strategy for three sectors textile, agro food and fresh fruits and vegetables, Syrian enterprise and business center (SEBC), p. 14-17
Cirad, F. 2011. Assessment of the competitiveness of the syrian agriculture: an application to selected representative value chains (technical report), NAPC, Syria, p. 23-56
Coque, A., W. Hosny and U. Saadi. 2003. Opportunities for Syrian fruit and vegetable exports in the EU market, food and agriculture organization of the united nations, Syria, p.7-8
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Twenty apple varieties were evaluated in the germ plasm of the Agricultural
Scientific Research Center in Swaida for Morphological traits, bud honological
stages, days after full bloom, storability which were ranged between 2.5 – 8
months, and bes
t susceptibility (e.g. wooly aphid and powdery mildew), all
studied varieties showed low susceptibility to wooly aphid, while Jersy Mac
revealed high susceptibility to powdery mildew compared with the other
varieties. The yield of all varieties was studied, so, they divided into: high yield
varieties such Stark Earliest, Royal Gala and Golden 972; Good yield varieties
"Golden Delicious, Starking Delicious, and Granny Smith etc."; and moderate
yield varieties" Red Spur Delicious and Rome Beauty". Chemical analysis
(Total soluble solids and total sugars) were achieved for all studied apple
varieties. Apple Varieties were divided into five groups depending on Days
After Full Bloom (DAFB). The present investigation indicted the high
quantitative and qualitative traits of studied varieties which candidate for
credence and distribute them in suitable environmental areas in Syria.
This paper aims at presenting an analysis of the inter-Arab trade
situation in order to assess the role of the implementation of
GAFTA in activating and developing it. Moreover, the research
will attempt to specify some challenges and restrictions
that face
the development of inter-Arab trade in the region.
This research showed the experience of the actual application of the Free Trade Area of the Greater Arab during the period between 1998- 2005. There are many obstacles that hinder the progress of trade exchanges Arabic, and prevent the upgrading by t
he economic relations between the Arab states, and perhaps the most prominent obstacles that emptied agreement region of its content the detailed rules of origin for Arab goods.
Accordingly, this research aims to shed light on the rules of origin as an instrument of trade policy instruments used in trade agreements, and as a means to cope with phenomenon of infiltration random goods of non-Arab to the inside of the Member states of the Convention on the region, as it demonstrates this research what these rules and their importance after addressing the importance of trade area Greater Arab Free for the Arab countries.
Orange is used in the juice industry, yielding important quantities of by products.
Orange peel is analyzed for chemical composition and water holding capacity. Data show
that, it has high amount of crude fiber, phenolic contents and antioxidant ca
pacity, also it
has high level of water holding capacity. Biscuits are prepared from blendes which contain
a different proportion (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25)% of orange peel flour are also evaluate for
physical and sensory characteristics, chemical composition and rheological properties for
this blendes.
The sensory evaluation does not show any significant difference between control and
that adds with 10% of orange peel flour. Physical parameters, namely, diameter, thickness
and spread ratio were tested. The diameter and thickness of orange peel substituted biscuits
were decreased, whereas spread ratio of biscuits increase with increasing levels of it.
The data reveals that incorporation of orange peel powder in biscuits increase crude
fiber, ash, phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity, it decreases the carbohydrate
content. Rheological properties of the blended flour show increase in water absorption and
stability.
Addition of 40ppm xylanase enzyme reduce the hardness value of the sample in
general, it also decrease the spread ratio as compared to control samples with no enzyme
added.
Sensory evaluation results show good overall acceptability scores for the biscuits
contain 10% orange peel with and without xylanase.
The current situation of the Arab countries acceding to the Great Arab Free Trade
Area after several years to complete liberalization of fees and customs restrictions between
them, requires paying great attention to measuring the effectiveness of c
ommercial
interfaces between these states and to know the real situation of the nature and
effectiveness of intra-trade among themselves, especially since the figures available about
this often lead to misleading results.
Based on the above-mentioned discussion comes the necessity this study of trade
exchange between Syria and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Arab, as these countries
are the most important in the context of the Great Arab Free Trade Area. This study also
focuses on measuring the effectiveness of commercial interfaces between them, reflecting
the extent of inclusiveness in trade relations and their spread between these countries,
exceeding the misleading figures about the nature of intra-trade among these countries.
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