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Register a new userUsing The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in Drought Assessing in The Eastern North Region in Syria
استخدام مؤشر الاختلاف النباتي القياسي NDVI في تقدير الجفاف في المنطقة الشمالية الشرقية من سورية
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يعدّ التغير المناخي التحدي العالمي الأساسي الذي يواجه مديري الموارد المائية لما له من تأثيرات تمتد إلى مختلف قطاعات الحياة بدءاً بالنشاطات الزراعية وصولاً إلى القطاع الاقتصادي و الاجتماعي. في هذا البحث, تم دراسة الجفاف في الشمال الشرقي لسوريا (الحسكة, الرقة, دير الزور، بوكمال، قامشلي) باستخدام بيانات الأمطار للفترة 2000- 2010م و سلسلة مؤلفة من صور MODIS الشهرية لنفس الفترة. أكدت هذه الدراسة أن عامي 2008/2009 اتسما بالجفاف في منطقة الدراسة, و زودتنا خرائط الـNDVI التي تم الحصول عليها لمنطقة الدراسة بمعلومات عن كثافة و توزع النباتات فيها. كما أكدت الدراسة على وجود علاقة قوية و معنوية (P- Value= 0.003) بين قيم الأمطار السنوية و مؤشر NDVI في الرقة, في حين كانت هذه العلاقة متوسطة و غير معنوية (P- Value > 0.05) في باقي المحطات. أثبتت نتائج الدراسة أهمية استخدام مؤشر NDVI مع بيانات الأمطار في مراقبة الجفاف في المنطقة الشمالية الشرقية من سوريا, و بالتالي مساعدة الإداريين في اتخاذ القرارات السليمة لمواجهة الجفاف في هذه المنطقة.
Climate change is the major global challenge facing water resources managers because of its impacts on many life fields beginning with agriculture activities to economic - social regions. In this study, drought in the eastern north of Syria have been investigated (Hasake, Rakka, DerAzzor, Bokmal, Kameshli) using a set of data containing precipitation data for period from 2000 to 2010, and MODIS time series images for the same period. This study assure that 2008/2009 described as drought period in the study area, and the NDVI maps ,which we have, give us an idea about the vegetation status and patterns in the study area. The study clearly show that NDVI and rainfall was found to be highly correlated in Rakka with P- Value= 0.003; and medium correlated in the other stations with P- Value > 0.05. Results of this study verify needing to use this index (NDVI), along with precipitation data, in drought monitoring in the eastern north region of Syria. So that,. It would help managers in making decisions to face drought in this area.
References used
CHOPRA, P. Drought risk assessment using remote sensing and GIS, A case study in Gujarat, M. Sc. Thesis, Dept. of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, ITC,2006, Netherlands
EASTMAN, J. R.;SANGERMANO, F.;GHIMIRE, B.;ZHU, H. L.;CHEN, H.; Neeti, N. Seasonal trend analysis of image time series. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 30,2009, 2721-2726
FENSHOLT, R.;PROUD, S. R. Evaluation of earth observation based on long term vegetation trends- comparing GIMMS and MODIS global NDVI time series. Remote sensing of Environment, 119,2012, 131-147
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In this study, drought in the eastern region of Syria (Hasake, Rakka,
DerAzzor, Bokmal & Kameshli) has been investigated using SPI, NDVI
indices.
We used a set of data containing precipitation data for period from 1975 to 2010 to calculate Standardized Precipitation Index SPI, and MODIS time series images in April for period from 2000 to 2010 to calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI.
This study builds on the data revealed by the survey carried in 2005
by the Commission for Planning and International Cooperation and
UNFPA Syria in the governorates of the north and northeast Syria.
The main objective of this study was to describe economic and econometric
analysis of cost functions of rain-feed barley production in the northern region
from Syria and determine the economically efficient size and the profitmaximizing
size, Prim
ary data collected in (2010) through research interviews
with farmers were used. Farms in the rainfed areas in. the northern region
were divided according to stabilization zones (1, 2, 3 and 4), Through the
descriptive economic analysis of costs of production of Farms in the rainfed
areas in the northern region were divided according to stabilization zones (1, 2,
3 and 4), Through the descriptive economic analysis of costs of production of
Barley, it was shown that the highest average cost of production of one dunum
in the northern region was 1859.3 sp. in zone (1) and the lowest average cost of
production of one dunum was 1694.5 sp. in zone (4), From the analysis of costs
and returns, the results indicated that the highest net return (profit) in the
northern region was 650.43 sp./dunum in zone (1), and the lowest net return
(profit) was 395.2 sp./dunum. in zone (3) Also, the results of the descriptive
economic analysis indicated that the lowest average cost of production of 1 kg
of barley was 8.3 sp. in zone (1 and 2), and the highest average cost of
production of 1 kg of oil was 9.3 sp. in zone (4), Using the econometric models
of cost functions, the economically efficient size and the profit-maximizing size
were computed and determined for each zone, indicating that farmers'
practices were too far from these sizes based on the econometric analysis;
namely the economically efficient size and the profit-maximizing size. Also the
results indicated that the economically efficient acreage size was 35.8 dunum in
zone (4), which was less than the actual area of this region.
Drought is a recurrent phenomenon and a normal feature of climate. It is one of the major natural hazards that frequently hits Syria, causing significant damages to ecosystems and social–economic environment, especially agricultural areas.
The purpo
se of current study is to estimate the degree of severity and the frequency of drought at seasonal and annual timescales in the southern region of Syria by applying the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) on the rainfall data recorded over (1958-2006) in four climatic stations: Damscus, Khrabo, Dara and El-Sweda.
The results showed that there were no significant changes or trends in annual winter and spring rainfall at southern region scale. They also showed its frequent exposure to drought. At annual timescale, Damscus and Khrabo stations were distinguished from the others by extreme drought, and Khrabo by severe drought. The season mostly exposed to drought events was spring, followed by winter and autumn seasons. The absence of the evere drought of Dara winter, and the extreme drought of Damscus and Khrabo autumn were also observed.
The study was conducted in the eastern region of Syria to know the extent of
cultivation development of wheat and cotton production and the factors
affecting these crops during 1996-2010. The results showed that the effect of
time on the productio
n and productivity of wheat was not changed statistically,
while the cotton area was decreased significantly during the study period. The
total production of wheat was also affected significantly and positively by
cultivated area and planting costs per hectare, and negatively by purchase
price, while the production of cotton was affected significantly and positively by
costs and purchase prices. According to the geographical region, the results
showed that the production in the eastern region was significantly affected by
Al-Raqqa production for wheat and cotton crops and Al-Hassake production
for wheat crop. However, wheat productivity at Deir Ezzor was significantly
superior compared to Al-Raqqa and Al-Hassake. The study recommended
expanding the cultivation of wheat and cotton and support and expand the role
of agricultural extension.
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