Due to the importance of climate changes and their strong and increasing influences
on different human and ecological systems, It is necessary to study and understand these
changes. This research aims to determine the direction and magnitude of the
change in
temperatures and rainfall trend during 1978-2011 in Latakia, Kasaab and Slenfeh. The
study has been done through the analysis of annual, seasonal, and monthly rainfall amount
and temperature average, which showed a significant increasing in the average annual
temperature in the three regions and significant seasonally increasing except for Winter in
Latakia and Slenfeh, Autumn in Latakia. But the annual rainfall changes were nonsignificant,
while seasonally rainfall increased significantly in Slenfeh Winter and
decreased in Kasaab Winter. After dividing the entire study duration into two equal periods
1978-1995, 1995-2011 and comparing the second period with the first one, we found a
significant increasing in the average annual temperature in the three regions,
non- significant in the annual and seasonal rainfall changes. The highest significant in
seasonal temperature in Latakia, Kasaab and Slenfeh reached +1.5, +2.9, +1.8 during
September, August، and May respectively. While the annual drought showed increased
trend in Latakia and kasaab and decreased one in Slenfeh.
In this research, the quantity of vitamin C which extracted from fresh fruits and
vegetables was evaluate by using titration method with 6-2 Dichloro phenol andovinol, and
studying the effect of conservation and different temperatures (30, 60, 90)
°C which used
in cooking on content of vitamin C for some samples. Also this search included studying of
the effect of iron ions on content tomato, orange and lemon of vitamin C.
The results showed that the concentration of vitamin c in studied samples: parsley,
red pepper, green pepper, lemon, orange and tomato was (8, 22, 36, 144, 175, 133)
mg/100g respectively. Losing of the vitamin was (66%, 65%) when we save the leaves and
stalk of parsley for 24 hours respectively, when exposure the parsley leaves to the
temperatures (30, 60, 90) c° the losing percentage was (24 %, 41%, 62 %), While the
losing was (79%, 65%, 39%) when injected each of tomatoes, oranges, lemons with
dissoluble of iron.
The four components of temperature (max., min.) phenomena, seasonal(S), Trend(T),
cyclical(C), and random (I) for Tartous city have been studied. Four different methods
(Average percentages method, Percentage of the general trend method, The ratio
of the
moving average method, Link Relative method) are used to deduct the (S) components
and seasonal index for each method is determined.
The statistical inferences pointed that the Average percentages method can be used in
the prediction of temperature. for the year 2003 depending on a historical record (1957-
2002). The result of this deduction showed that the temperature is a cyclical phenomena.
The known statistical test like mean, Standard deviation and cumulative probability have
been done which showed a good correlation between the predicted and historical data.
This study investigated the effect of adding different
percentages of sand to several types of clay soils, Which used as
liners at solid waste landfill sites in order to find the best mixing
ratio (sand - clay).
