Hydraulic system was designed and installed to estimate values of Bulk modulus within the range of
pressure between 20 bar to 230 bar and temperature between 5° C to 90° C; these limits are the widest
range in which it operates hydraulic systems .
In this research the mineral oil (SAE 46) is heated
(indirectly method) and then pressed into a pipe with large thickness compared with internal diameter so
as to ensure that the results will not be affected by the elasticity of the pipe material. The results for the
characteristics‚the pressure and temperature have been indicated by gages installed on the line of
hydraulic circuit while taking readings compressibility through indicator tube. It was concluded that the
temperature of mineral oil have an effective impact on the Bulk modulus values even at lower
temperatures lower than 50° C and the sloop (of the relation curve between Bulk modulus and pressure)
is reduced with temperature increase. it was also estimated that values of Bulk modulus are volatileat
pressures less than 100 bar with increasing temperatures for this mineral oil.
This paper provides a major challenge, Because of many
bad conditions that effect oil pipelines properties, this paper
discuss the ability of manufacturing and applying the 3D
woven spacer composite fabric for insulating oil pipelines.
This paper
talks over the thermal, chemical, and mechanical
properties of the final product from the 3D Spacer Fabric and
the polymer resin matrix.
And finally, this paper gives an idea how and with any kind of
weaving machines these fabrics can be made.
Evaporation forms one of the hydrology cycle elements that it's hard to measure its actual amounts in the field conditions, so it’s estimated by calculations of experimental relations, which depend on climatic elements data. So the research goal is t
o build a mathematical model to estimate monthly evaporation amount in plain area of Syrian Coast, using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and depending on dry air temperature, and produce comparison study between the results of network and other models. The mathematical model was built by the (NN-tool box), which is one of the v tools. A multilayer ANN architecture of error Back-propagation algorithm was built. The suitable training algorithms, number of hidden layers, number of neurons in each hidden layer, were determined.
The results showed that the ANN (1-9-1) was the best model with MSE of 0.0032 for validation group, using Transfer Function Logsigmoid and Linear in hidden and output layers, respectively.
A comparison model for the results obtained from the proposed ANN with EVANOV model by using SIMULINK technique was developed. This indicated that the ANN using temperature only gives results more accurate than EVANOV equation in determining evaporation.
The re-use of return air in central conditioning systems is one of the most important
procedures for saving power consumption. However, the requested fresh air of the people
existed within the conditioning space imposes determining the number of ti
mes to be used.
This research aims to link the work of the central conditioning system (heating) of a
facility with the number of people existing within this facility by modifying the ratio of
mixed fresh air and return air to save the electrical power consumption. Also, to raise the
temperature of the mixture air by controlling the flow of hot water continuously rather than
using on-off technique. As well as, to respond to any change in the number of people and
get rid of repeated machine starting.
Our research has been done by using specialized physical model consisted of test
room, heat and movement sensors, pump, water tank, heat exchanger and air mixing
blades. These devices are controlled by microcontroller type PIC16F877A.
The experimentally obtained results showed the ability of controlling the amount of
return air depending on the number of people and controlling the speed of the pump
continuously providing a saving of electrical energy consumption up to 68% compared
with the case of full speed.
Batteries are energy storage devices that are particularly useful for powering
small portable devices like phones, laptops and entertainment devices as well as
mobility devices that travel over the earth's surface, through water and air. During the
night, or during a period of low solar irradiation, energy is supplied to the load from
the battery in solar electrical Power Systems, and that provides Continuity of power
supply, and on the other hand boosts the Reliability of the system.
Due to the importance of climate changes and their strong and increasing influences
on different human and ecological systems, It is necessary to study and understand these
changes. This research aims to determine the direction and magnitude of the
change in
temperatures and rainfall trend during 1978-2011 in Latakia, Kasaab and Slenfeh. The
study has been done through the analysis of annual, seasonal, and monthly rainfall amount
and temperature average, which showed a significant increasing in the average annual
temperature in the three regions and significant seasonally increasing except for Winter in
Latakia and Slenfeh, Autumn in Latakia. But the annual rainfall changes were nonsignificant,
while seasonally rainfall increased significantly in Slenfeh Winter and
decreased in Kasaab Winter. After dividing the entire study duration into two equal periods
1978-1995, 1995-2011 and comparing the second period with the first one, we found a
significant increasing in the average annual temperature in the three regions,
non- significant in the annual and seasonal rainfall changes. The highest significant in
seasonal temperature in Latakia, Kasaab and Slenfeh reached +1.5, +2.9, +1.8 during
September, August، and May respectively. While the annual drought showed increased
trend in Latakia and kasaab and decreased one in Slenfeh.
Effect of different degrees of temperature, different levels of pH , different periods of
light and four media (PDA, OMA, MEA, CzA) was studied in vitro against the growth of
C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose disease of citrus fruits. The resu
lts indicated that
the growth of fungus was maximum at temperature 30°C and at pH = (5.5,6,6.5), and Light
was unnecessary for the growth of C. gloeosporioides. Among the different media tested
PDA and OMA supported the maximum growth of fungus.
The four components of temperature (max., min.) phenomena, seasonal(S), Trend(T),
cyclical(C), and random (I) for Tartous city have been studied. Four different methods
(Average percentages method, Percentage of the general trend method, The ratio
of the
moving average method, Link Relative method) are used to deduct the (S) components
and seasonal index for each method is determined.
The statistical inferences pointed that the Average percentages method can be used in
the prediction of temperature. for the year 2003 depending on a historical record (1957-
2002). The result of this deduction showed that the temperature is a cyclical phenomena.
The known statistical test like mean, Standard deviation and cumulative probability have
been done which showed a good correlation between the predicted and historical data.
This study is concerned with the variations in annual and seasonal surface
air temperature in Syria, depending on the data from 12 different
meteorological stations in Syria.
The analysis of surface temperature trends was performed using Least
sq
uares (linear regression) and Moving- averaging filters according to
Gaussian low- pass filter.
Fast Fourier Transformation was used for the analysis of periodicity for the
annual mean surface temperature.
The results of linear regression showed that the general trend of annual and
seasonal temperature in all stations was positive except Latakya.
The results of annual and seasonal temperature, fluctuations revealed the
existence of important warming period in all stations starting from 1993-1994
for the average of annual and winter temperature while summer, autumn and
spring temperatures averages were above the mean during the study period.
Periodicities analysis showed that the surface air temperature seems to be
affected by solar cycle and quasi- biennial oscillation as well as the El-nino
southern oscillation.
This research discusses the affecting factors of biogas production
in the digester, to define the optimal temperature and suitable
loading rate to achieve high digester biogas production. The
research focuses on the water compressed continuous flo
w
digester (chines model), and the results is presented and illustrated
in suitable tables and curves.
