Study the genetic response of some varieties of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) to form a callus Haploid in vitro

This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. Because of the importance of the food and economic of chickpea, two Winter chickpea cultivars (Ghab 4, Ghab 5) and two Vernal chickpea cultivars were used (ILC263, ILC1929) and planted in pots until flowering, so the floral buds were picked before opened and washed with distilled water and alcohol three times. Anthers were separated and treated at preliminary temperatures (4 Cْ for 48 hours, and 35 Cْ for 12 hours), then it washed with a solution of hypochlorite of sodium( Naocl 2%) for a period of 15 minute, and washed with distilled sterilized water ,then where planted on the environment Murashige and Skoog ( MS) equipped with 1, 3 and 5 mg/L of auxin 2,4, D, as well as 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg /L of Cytokinin Benzyl Amino Purine( BAP) individually and with interaction between them and incubated under conditions of 27 Cْ and 75% of the humidity and the intensity of 1500 Lux of light for 16 hours. The main objective of research was to study the effect of both preliminary heating treatment , quality and concentration of used hormone on producing callus from used chickpea cultivars anthers. Results showed difference in cultivars response in the treatment of both temperature and single hormone, so Ghab 5 cultivar was the most responsive to the formation of callus, while the results indicated that the highest percentage of the formation of callus was 40% when treated at 4 Cْ of Ghab 4 and Ghab 5 cultivars, while ILC263 cultivar showed less response in all the individual treatments for growth regulators. As well as results showed that the significant and catalyst role for using of hormones together with heat treatment, where each of Ghab 5, Ghab 4 and ILC1929 cultivars were the superiority, by the arrival of the percentage of 80% and 60%, respectively.

A study of the Genetic Behaviour of Some Yield Traits in Half Diallel Crosses of Maize (Zea mays L.)

A half diallel set of crosses among six inbred lines of maize were evaluated at the Maize Research Department (G.C.S.A.R.) in Damascus Governorate during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons to estimate heterosis and combining ability components for the number of rows per ear, number of kernels per ear, ear length (cm), ear diameter(cm), 100-kernel weight (g), and grain yield (ton /hec). The inbred lines, crosses, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for all the studied traits, showing the existence of a genetic variance among lines. The ratios of GCA to SCA detected for the studied traits showed the dominance of an additive gene action for all the studied traits except for 100-kernel weight and grain yield which showed the predominance of a non-additive gene action. The heterosis percentage for the studied traits was significant based on mid and better parents. The GCA effects showed that the lines CML.317, CML.371, CML.373 and CML.367 were good general combiners for grain yield, while the SCA effects showed that seven hybrids were the best F1 cross combinations such as (CML.317×CML.371) for grain yield.

A Study of Yield, its Components, and Some Technological Characteristics of Local and Introduced Varieties of Bread Wheat

Eight varieties of soft wheat T.aestivum L. were used in the study, four of which were local (sham 6, sham 8, sham 10 and bohoth 4) and four introduced varieties obtained from the Scientific Agricultural Research Center (Tugela, Betta, Bezenchukskaya98 and saratovskaya210) and grown during the periods (2011-2012 and 2012-2013) at Qabu Al Awwamiyya near Lattakia City. The following readings were taken for the studied varieties (yield, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, weight of 1000 grains, protein content proportion of gluten, ash, and moisture content). Data was analyzed statistically using an analysis of variance. The results showed significant differences between the local and introduced varieties on the one hand, and between the varieties themselves on the other hand. Local varieties were better than the introduced varieties with regards to the protein content, moisture content, proportion of gluten, yield, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, and the 1000-grain weight. The introduced varieties however were superior in plant height and ash. The best varieties among local varieties were (Sham 6 and Sham 10), and Betta among the introduced ones.

Assessment Of Some Vicia faba Bean Genotypes Under The Coastal Region

An assessment of nine vicia faba genotypes (flip84-59fb, AGUADOLCE LB 1266 SML, FLIP84-14FB, GIZE.461, REINA BLANCA, autochthon, Spanish, and Cypriotes) was achieved, during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons, in Al_Bassa farm, near Lattakia city. Superior genotypes will be adopted as a high yield improved varieties in that area, however, the other genotypes (possessing genetic characteristics, superior of local genotypes), will be used in future breeding programs. The results indicated a significant differences between studied characteristics of the genotypes, as Spanish genotype recorded the best pod length (17.16cm), having high degree of inheritance (68.24), followed by filp84-59fb genotype (15.1 cm), with weight seeds per pod (33.6 g), having high degree of inheritance (68.45), followed by the Cypriot genotype, by seed weight (14.66 g), number of pod (4.6), having low degree of inheritance (23.53), followed by Cyprian autochtone genotype, and Aguadolce.lb1266,and filip84 - 14fb number of pod (3.6). The Cypriot genotype was the best, in terms of pod weight (23:43 g), having high degree of inheritance (76.45) followed by Spanish (20.63g), and seed weight (3.93g), having medium degree of inheritance (54.82), followed by style filip84-59fb (3.73 g), and 100-seed weight (4.1g), having high degree of inheritance (97.49), followed by Aguadolce genotypes (285 g). The SML genotype is the best among premature genotypes in terms of flowering (46 days) and maturity (148 days), followed by Cypriot in terms of flowering (51 days) and flip84- 59fb in terms of maturity (155 days)

Genetic analysis for yield and its components in hybrids of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

A half diallel making design was used to determine combining ability and heterosis of six chickpea lines and their hybrid combinations with R.C.B.D. in three replication for seed yield per plant, number of pods per branch, pods number per plant, first pod height and 100- seed weight, during 2015 and 2016 seasons, at the research Center of Al-Gab (G.C.S.A.R). Genotypes, general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability mean squares were significant for all studied traits. The ratio σ2 GCA / σ2 SCA were detected for all traits and showed that non- additive gene action was more important than additive gene action in controlling all studied traits. GCA effects showed that the lines P2(IL.10158) was good general combiner for number of pods per branch and plant, also, 100- seed weight where, P3 (IL.5883) and P4(IL.4) were good general combiner for first pod height and seed yield per plant, respectively. SCA effects showed that(P1×P2) hybrid was the best F1 crosses combination for seed yield per plant. On the other side (P1×P2), (P1×P4) and (P2×P4) were showed positive and significant heterosis values for seed yield per plant and 100- seed weight also first pod height and number of pod per branch and plant respectively.

Study of Morphological, Anatomical and Palynological Characters of the species Datura innoxia Mill. (Solanaceae)

This study was performed the existence of the species Datura innoxia Mill. in the Syrian flora. Also the morphological study results showed that the plant is a gray greenish herb, its stem is erect. Leaves are simple, alternated, oval, its angle is turbinated to the out. The root is sphenoid. The flower is regular. The fruit is capsule, and the seed is splay, have an excrescence. The palynological study showed that the pollens are ellipticity, triad of germination lines. Whereas, the anatomical study showed that the form of carrier packing take quadric side type.

Combining ability analysis for seed yield and some yield compenents traits in six lines of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

A half diallel making design was used to determine combining ability and heterosis of six chickpea lines and their hybrid combinations with R.C.B.D. in three replication for seed yield per plant, number of pods per branch, pods number per plant, first pod height and 100- seed weight, during 2015 and 2016 seasons, at the research Center of Al-Gab (G.C.S.A.R). Genotypes, general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability mean squares were significant for all studied traits. The ratio σ2 GCA / σ2 SCA were detected for all traits and showed that non- additive gene action was more important than additive gene action in controlling all studied traits. GCA effects showed that the lines الإسباني was good general combiner for traits:seed yield per plant, pods per plant, 100- seed weight, days to maturity, protein per cent. SCA effects showed that(Algerian×Spanish) hybrid was the good specific combiner for seed yield per plant, pods per plant, 100- seed weight, harvest index. On the other side(Algerian×Spanish) was showed significant desirable heterosis values for seed yield per plant and 100- seed weight, days to maturity, harvest index.

دراسة السلوكية الوراثية لبعض أصناف القمح الطري تحت الظروف المحلية

يشكل القمح أساس نشأة الحضارات القديمة مثل الحضارة المصرية حضارة بلاد الرافدين وحضارتي بابل واشور ويعد القمح المحصول الغذائي الأول في كافة انحاء العالم

استحداث الكالس وإعادة تشكيل النبات الكامل من خلال زراعة المآبر و الأبواغ المعزولة لبعض أصناف الحمص (Cicer arietinum L )

استحداث الكالس وإعادة تشكيل النبات الكامل من خلال زراعة المآبر و الأبواغ المعزولة لبعض أصناف الحمص (Cicer arietinum L )