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Register a new userA Study of Yield, its Components, and Some Technological Characteristics of Local and Introduced Varieties of Bread Wheat
دراسة الإنتاجية و مكوناتها و بعض الخصائص التكنولوجية لأصناف محلية و مدخلة من القمح الطري
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استخدم في الدراسة ثمانية أصناف من القمح الطري T.aestivum L. ، أربعة منها محلية هي (شام 6 , شام 8 , شام 10 و بحوث 4) و أربعة أصناف مدخلة تم الحصول عليها من مركز البحوث العلمية الزراعية هي (Tugela, Betta , Bezenchukskaya98 and saratovskaya210) التي زرعت خلال موسمي الزراعة (2011-2012 و 2012 - 2013) في قبو العوامية بالقرب من مدينة اللاذقية. تم أخذ القراءات الآتية للأصناف المدروسة (الإنتاجية, ارتفاع النبات, طول السنبلة ,عدد السنيبلات بالسنبلة, وزن الـ 1000 حبة , المحتوى البروتيني, نسبة الغلوتين , الرماد و المحتوى الرطوبي) و حللت البيانات إحصائياً بطريقة تحليل التباين. أظهرت النتائج وجود فروقات معنوية بين الأصناف المحلية و المدخلة من جهة و بين الأصناف فيما بينها من جهة أخرى , تفوقت الأصناف المحلية على الأصناف المدخلة من حيث المحتوى البروتيني , المحتوى الرطوبي , نسبة الغلوتين , الإنتاجية , طول السنبلة , عدد السنيبلات بالسنبلة و وزن الـ 1000 حبة . فيما أبدت الأصناف المدخلة تفوقاً من ناحية ارتفاع النبات و نسبة الرماد. إن أفضل الأصناف بالنسبة إلى صفة الإنتاجية و المحتوى البروتيني و نسبة الغلوتين و طول السنبلة و عدد السنيبلات بالسنبلة و عدد الحبوب بالسنبلة و وزن الحبوب بالسنبلة و وزن الـ 1000 حبة هي: شام 6 و شام 10 بالنسبة إلى الأصناف المحلية و صنف Betta بالنسبة إلى الأصناف المدخلة.
Eight varieties of soft wheat T.aestivum L. were used in the study, four of which were local (sham 6, sham 8, sham 10 and bohoth 4) and four introduced varieties obtained from the Scientific Agricultural Research Center (Tugela, Betta, Bezenchukskaya98 and saratovskaya210) and grown during the periods (2011-2012 and 2012-2013) at Qabu Al Awwamiyya near Lattakia City. The following readings were taken for the studied varieties (yield, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, weight of 1000 grains, protein content proportion of gluten, ash, and moisture content). Data was analyzed statistically using an analysis of variance. The results showed significant differences between the local and introduced varieties on the one hand, and between the varieties themselves on the other hand. Local varieties were better than the introduced varieties with regards to the protein content, moisture content, proportion of gluten, yield, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, and the 1000-grain weight. The introduced varieties however were superior in plant height and ash. The best varieties among local varieties were (Sham 6 and Sham 10), and Betta among the introduced ones.
References used
Akanda, S.I. and C.C. Mundt. 1996. Path coefficient analysis of the effects of stripe rust and cultivar mixtures on yield components of winter wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 92(6): 666 – 672
Ashraf, M., A. Ghafoor, N.A. Khan and M. Yousaf. 2002. Performance and selection of intra – specific hybrids of spring wheat. Pak. J. Agri. Vet. Sci.,19:28 – 31
Alsaleh, A.; Brennan.C.S. 2012. Bread Wheat Quality: Some Physical, Chemical and Rheological Characteristics of Syrian and English Bread Wheat Samples, Pp : 3-17
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The Experiment was conducted during the successive growing
seasons (2013/2014- 2014/2015) where half–diallel hybridization was
conducted between eight genotypes of bread wheat.
This study was carried out at Karahta Station, Dept. of Field Crops
Researches, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches
(GCSAR) Damascus, Syria, during the growing seasons (2009-2010, 2010-2011).
The crosses were grown inatrial us
ing randomized complete block design
(RCBD) with three replicates in order to evaluate number of spikes per plant,
number of grains per spike, thousand kernel weight and grain yield per plant
and estimate some genetic indices: broad scenes heritability (BSH), narrow
scenes heritability (NSH), and genetic advance (GA). Seeds of five populations
of the three evaluated single hybrids were formed by crossing of five inbred
lines. Analysis of variance results showed significant differences among mean
values of the five populations of each cross for all studied traits. The results
revealed that the broad scenes heritability ranged between high and moderate
for the following productivity traits (SP/PL, GR/SP, TKW and GY/P) and it
was (75, 40, 57) (38, 80, 38) (74, 60, 85) and (73, 73, 71) for the three crosses,
respectively. Additive gene action noticed on most traits indicated less selection
cycles to improve these traits.
A pot experiment was conducted in a green house at Tishreen University in which bread
wheat (cv. Sham 6) was grown at different levels of potassium nutrition (K0=0, K1=25,
K2=50, K3=75, K4=100, K5=150) mg k/kg soil. The increase in potassium fertil
ization
rates led to a significant increase in the number of total tillers and fertile tillers on the
expense of non-fertile tillers. This was accompanied with no significant increase in
number of main stems spikes grains, while the tillers spikes of the first level of potassium
application (K1) was higher significantly compared to control treatment (K0). The same
treatment (K1) gave the best weight of grain on the main stems spikes and tillers. The
productivity of grain yield increased (but non-significantly) with increasing the level of
potassium fertilization. The highest yield value was obtained in K5 treatment which was
13933 kg /ha. This productivity constitutes a rate of increase 18% compared to the control
treatment (K0). The calculation of Agronomic Efficiency (AE) showed a high value of
(about 13 kg seeds/kg of K fertilizer added) in the K1 treatment, and thereafter, AE
gradually decreased with potassium fertilization to reach about 6 kg grain/kg K fertilizer
for K4 and K5 treatments (100 and 150 mg K/kg).
Five improved genotypes of durum wheat (T. turgidum var. durum) (Lahn,
Cham1, Gezira17, Bouhouth 5, and Acsad 65) were planted under the
conditions of the agricultural region (Bouka) of the Faculty of Agriculture-
Tishreen University during the ag
ricultural year 2002-2003, with a split-plot
arrangement to study the effects of flag leaf removal on grain yield and its
components.The genotypes differed significantly in flag leaf area, stomatal
frequency, yield parameters and protein content.
Flag leaf removal significantly reduced plant height, number of spikelets/
spike, number of grains/ spike, 1000 kernels weight and grain yield, while grain
protein content significantly increased.
There was a positive correlation between the flag leaf area and 1000-
kernels weight and grain yield, but protein content was negatively correlated
with grain yield.
This study was carried out through the cooperation between the Faculty of
Agriculture Tishreen University and the General Commission of Agricultural Scientific
Researches in Hama during 2013 and 2014 successive seasons.
Eight soft wheat(Triticumae
stivum)genotypes were crossed using half diallel method
.The(28) crosses were grown along with their parents in randomized complete block with
three replications to estimate general combiningability , specific combining ability, and
both mid and high parent heterosis for number of spikes /plant , number of grains /spike ,
thousand grain weight and grain yield.
The results indicated that both additive and non- additive types of gene action were
important in the inheritance of traits under study with preponderance of additive gene
effects for number of grains /spike and thousand grain weight,Non – additive gene effects
were pronounced in the inheritance of number of spikes /plant and grain yield.
High general combiners for thesecharacters were obtained and the most important
parents were: Bohouth 4- Douma 44828-Acsad1115- Golan2.
Many positive specific combiners having both mid and high parent heterosis and
derived from positive general combiners were obtained such as(Golan2×Cham10) –
(Acsad1115×Douma4)(Douma44828×Golan2) and (Douma 2×Golan2).
Results also indicated that some hybrids: (Douma44828×Golan2) (Bohouth6×Douma4)
(Douma44828×Cham10) (Douma2×Acsad1115) had heterosis compared to higher parent
for number of spikes /plant , number of grains / spike , Thousand grain weight and grain
yield..
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