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تأثير مستخلص خشب المسكة Robinia pseudoacacia L في الفطريات المرافقة للصنف شام 8 المزروع في منطقة الغاب
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أجري هذا البحث خلال الفترة بين 2014-2016 بكلية الزراعة بجامعة دمشق و هدف إلى تأثير مستخلص المسكة على الفطريات المرافقة للقمح صنف شام 8 المزروع في منطقة الغاب. حيث أظهرت النتائج تباين في نسبة المادة المستخلصة من العينات الخشبية للمسكة. إذ كان وزن المادة الجافة (432.23مغ) (716.95مغ) لكل من الخشب العصاري و الخشب القلبي على الترتيب، وجد أن أهم الفطريات المرافقة لحبوب القمح المجموعة هي : (Fusarium sp.(36% و (Alternaria sp. (28% و (Aspergillus sp. (12% و (Rhizopus sp (9% و (Penicillium sp (6% و فطريات غير معرفة بنسبة (9%)، و دلت النتائج على أنّ المستخلصات الخشبية للمسكة تباينت في تثبيط نمو الميسليوم للفطريات المختبرة (Fusarium sp. و Alternaria sp. و Aspergillus sp.) في الوسط المغذي وفقاً لنوع المستخلص و التركيز و الفطر المستهدف. و قد ازداد تأثير مستخلصات الخلائط الخشبية بزيادة نسبة المادة الجافة للخشب القلبي فكلما زادت نسبة الخشب القلبي زاد التأثير المثبط في نمو الفطريات. ازدادت فاعلية الخلائط بزيادة تركيز الخشب القلبي. وجد من البيانات اختلاف التركيز النصفي لمستخلصات الخشب القلبي و الخشب العصاري و الخلائط الخشبية بشكل كبير. فقد أعطى مستخلص الخليط الخشبي (10:10) أعلى فاعلية بين المستخلصات المختبرة على الفطريات الثلاثة، حيث كانت قيم EC50 أقل من 46.50 و 84.66 و 139.54 ppm لكل من الفطريات Aspergillus sp. و Fusarium sp. و Alternaria sp. على الترتيب. بالمقابل أعطى مستخلص الخشب العصاري للمسكة أقل فاعلية على الفطريات المختبرة.
The results showed a variation in the ratio of dry material derived from wood samples of (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). The dry matter weight was (432.23 mg) (716.95 mg) for each of the waterless wood and internal wood respectively. It was found that the most important fungi associated with wheat seed group are: Fusarium sp. (36%) and Alternaria sp. (28%) and Aspergillus sp. (12%) and Rhizopus sp (9%) and Penicillium sp (6%) and fungi are not defined by (9%). It was found that the wood extracts from (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) varied in the of the Almiceleom inhibition to the tested fungi growth (Fusarium sp. , Alternaria sp. and Aspergillus sp.) in the nutritious environment according to the type of the extracts, concentration and targeted fungi. The effect of the wood extracts has increased as the percentage of the dry matter of the heart wood increased. The incremental heart wood ratio increased inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi. On the other hand, the wood extract gave of waterless wood less effect of Miceleom inhibiting on the growth of tested fungi in general. The effectiveness of the mixtures Increased as heart wood concentration increased. It has been Found from the data that there was difference in migraine concentration of the heart wood extracts and waterless wood mixtures largely. the Extract of the mixture wooden gave (10:10) the highest efficiency among the three tested extracts on the fungus, where the EC50 values were less than 46.50, 84.66 and 131.54 ppm for each of the fungus (Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. And Alternaria sp. respectively.
References used
Agrios, G.N. (2005) Plant Pathology.fifth Edition. Printed in the United States of America (New York).PP. 948
Barkai-Golan, R. 2001. Postharvest diseases of fruit and vegetables: development and control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 27–32
De Waard, P.; Ragsdale, N.N. and Schwinn, F.J.(1993).Chemical control of plant diseases: Problems and prospects. Annual Review of Phyopathology . 31: 403-23
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تم الحصول على المستخلصات الخشبية من المسكة (Robinia Pseudoacacia L .) وتم دراسة تأثير هذه المستخلصات في نمو الفطريات المحمولة في حبوب القمح صنف شام 8. والسمية النباتية لهذه المستخلصات في إنبات ونمو بادرات القمح في المخبر . كما تم اختبار قدرتها في ت
خفيض الإصابة بفطر Fusarium Sp. . في البيت البلاستيكي .
The research aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and the genetic
relationship between 16 Hordeum vulgare genotypes (variaties and new lines),
using SSR markers. 32 primer pairs were used in the analysis, five of them
amplified primers monomorp
hic alleles, while the remaining primers detected
different alleles. A total of 126 polymorphic alleles were revealed by the 27
primer pairs. The number of different alleles detected on alocus ranged from 2
to 11with a mean of 4.66 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content
(PIC) values ranged from 0.21 to 0.88 with a mean value of 0.49, and the gene
diversity ranged from 0.23 to 0.89 with a mean value of 0.53.The dendrogram
was established using SSR data clustered into three major groups. The smallest
genetic relationship was observed between line39 and line38 . The results proved
the efficiency of SSR markers in the estimation of genetic diversity and in the
clustering of the barley genotypes in Syria.
The study has shown that the apparent bulk density of soil increases with the increase
of compression and moisture during press. The maximum rate of increase in depth was 0 –
20 cm that amounted 0.38g/cm3 at compression by 257.44-kilopascal and moi
sture
average at compression by 19.03% (equal to 60% of the field capacity average of the soil)
in comparison with the non-existence of compression. In addition, the size of the pores
bigger than 50 microns decreased at the same above compression and above moisture in
depth of zero – 20 cm by 20.20%. The size of pores bigger than 10 microns decreased by
20.65% in comparison with the non-existence of compression. While it was noted that the
the maximum loss of root yield that amounted 17.52%, at compression by 257.44
kilopascal, and moisture 19.03%.
The study included the reality of marketing crop sugar beet in Syria in general, and
in al ghabb 's area , in particular, has shown results that the problems and difficulties of
marketing sugar beet back to the non-compliance of farmers date of Agr
iculture
appropriate and space devoted to the cultivation of the crop sugar beet and assessed by the
General Authority to manage and develop Al Ghabb's area, in addition to the failure of the
extension units in turn supply the deadline cards provide timely and sufficient quantities to
farmers as a result of the process control system of favoritism in the distribution of cards
supply extension units.
In addition to the low energy manufacturing to the sugar mill, and its inability to
absorb the quantities produced in excess of the agricultural plan, along with breakdowns
lab frequent result gave the mechanisms used in it, and the need for frequent maintenance,
and low efficiency of some sections of the lab, and the control system favoritism determine
the degree of sweetness, as shown by the results Search also "high production and
marketing costs for sugar beet crop and is higher than its price.
The research was carried out in the biotechnology Laboratory at the
Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, in cooperation with the General
Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the year
2012. Eleven genotypes of cul
tivated chickpea were planted to determine their
genetic diversity and the degree of genetic similarity using the ISSR technique.
16 primers were used for this purpose. Results indicated that Nine primers
proved their effectiveness in showing polymorphism among the genotypes
examined and the primers gave a total of 91 alleles with a polymorphic
percentage of 93.4%. The number of bands for each primer varied from a
minimum of 2 bands for the primers ISSR7-ISSR13 to a maximum of 16 bands
for the primer ISSR11, with an average of 9.1 bands per a primer. The results
also showed that the degree of genetic similarity ranged between 46 and 78%,
where the highest was 78% between the genotypes of Afghanistan – Morocco,
then 77% between the genotypes Tunisia-Afghanistan and Tunisia- Iran and
followed by Spain- Iran and Spain- Pakistan (50%) and the lowest was 46%
between genotypes Afghanistan- Pakistan.
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