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Effect of Natural Infection with Luteoviruses on Yield of Four Chickpea Varieties at Different Sowing Dates

تأثير الإصابة الطبيعية بفيروسات الاصفرار (Luteoviruses) في إنتاجية أربعة أصناف من الحمص مزروعة في مواعيد مختلفة

1549   2   10   0 ( 0 )
 Publication date 2002
  fields Plant Protecion
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Luteoviruses were recognized as a major cause of yellowing, leaf rolling and stunting in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Syria. Aphid population dynamics in two consecutive seasons (١٩٨٩/٩٠ and ١٩٩٠/٩١) showed a peak in April followed by high levels of virus incidence and ranged between ٤ – ٧٨,٤ %. Different sowing dates of four chickpea varieties (local chickpea, Ghab١, Ghab٢ and Ghab٣) showed that early planting lead to disease escape, by avoiding early infection. The yield average of the four chickpea varieties was increased by ٢٦٠% in the first season and ١٤٠٪ in the second, when the crop was planted early. Weeds have been studied as a potential over-wintering hosts. A range of weed species mostly with yellows symptoms similar to those caused by luteoviruses were collected from the field trial and tested. They proved to host aphid vectors as well as luteoviruses.

References used
Bosque–Perez, N. A. and I. W. Buddenhagen. ١٩٩٠. Studies on epidemiology of virus diseases of chickpea in California. Plant Disease
Clark, M. F. and A. N. Adams. ١٩٧٧. Characteristics of the microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. J.Gen.Virol
قواص، هدى. ١٩٩٢ . الأمراض الفيروسية على محصول الحمص في سورية: تشخيصها وتوصيفها وانتقالها بالحشرات وتفاعلها مع الأصناف والطرز الوراثية. أطروحة دكتوراه. كلية الزراعة، جامعة دمشق. ٢٠٠ صفحة.

Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول الورقة البحثية تأثير الإصابة الطبيعية بفيروسات اللوت على إنتاجية أربعة أصناف من الحمص في مواعيد زراعة مختلفة. تم التعرف على فيروسات اللوت كسبب رئيسي لاصفرار الأوراق، والتفافها، وتوقف نمو نبات الحمص في سوريا. أظهرت ديناميكيات تجمعات المن في موسمين متتاليين ذروة في أبريل تلتها مستويات عالية من الإصابة بالفيروس تراوحت بين 20-40%. أظهرت مواعيد الزراعة المختلفة للأصناف الأربعة من الحمص (الحمص المحلي، غاب 1، وغاب 2) أن الزراعة المبكرة تؤدي إلى تجنب الإصابة المبكرة بالمرض، مما يزيد من متوسط الإنتاجية بنسبة 20% في الموسم الأول و30% في الموسم الثاني. تم دراسة الأعشاب كحاضنات محتملة للفيروسات خلال فصل الشتاء، وأثبتت أنها تستضيف نواقل المن وكذلك فيروسات اللوت.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة لفهم تأثير فيروسات اللوت على إنتاجية الحمص في سوريا، وتقدم معلومات قيمة حول كيفية تقليل تأثير هذه الفيروسات من خلال تعديل مواعيد الزراعة. ومع ذلك، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت تحليلاً اقتصادياً لتكلفة وفوائد الزراعة المبكرة، وكذلك دراسة تأثيرات بيئية أخرى قد تؤثر على انتشار الفيروسات. كما أن الدراسة لم تتناول بشكل كافٍ تأثيرات التغيرات المناخية على ديناميكيات تجمعات المن وانتشار الفيروسات، وهو جانب مهم يجب مراعاته في الأبحاث المستقبلية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الأعراض الرئيسية للإصابة بفيروسات اللوت في نبات الحمص؟

    الأعراض الرئيسية تشمل اصفرار الأوراق، والتفافها، وتوقف نمو النبات.

  2. كيف تؤثر مواعيد الزراعة على انتشار فيروسات اللوت في الحمص؟

    الزراعة المبكرة تساعد في تجنب الإصابة المبكرة بالفيروسات، مما يزيد من متوسط الإنتاجية.

  3. ما هي نواقل فيروسات اللوت التي تم تحديدها في الدراسة؟

    تم تحديد نواقل المن مثل Aphis craccivora وMyzus persicae كناقلات رئيسية لفيروسات اللوت.

  4. ما هي الفوائد المحتملة لدراسة الأعشاب كحاضنات للفيروسات خلال فصل الشتاء؟

    دراسة الأعشاب كحاضنات للفيروسات يمكن أن تساعد في فهم كيفية انتشار الفيروسات خلال فصل الشتاء وتطوير استراتيجيات لمكافحتها.

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This study aimed to compare the effects of different enamel etching techniques for bracket bonding strength. The sample consisted of eighty human premolars were randomly divided into four equal groups. The enamel surfaces of the teeth were etched with 35% orthophosphoric acid in Group 1 , air abraded with 50 μm aluminum oxide prior to acid etching in Group 2, Trans bond Plus Self-etching Primer (TPSEP) in Group 3 , Er: YAG laser in Group 4. After enamel etching procedures, brackets were bonded with Trans bond XT , then shear bonding test was performed using a testing machine (Tinius Olsen).
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