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Register a new userEffect of Thiodan Application Dates on the Control of Chickpea Podborers Helicoverpa (Heliothis) armigera (Hubner) and Heliothis viriplaca (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in Southern Syria
تأثير مواعيد استخدام الثيودان في جدوى مكافحة ثاقبات قرون الحمص في جنوبي سورية
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ُتعد ثاقبات قرون الحمص من أخطر حشرات هذا المحصول في معظم مناطق زراعته في العالم. أثبت الثيودان ٣٥ % فعالية كبيرة في مكافحة هذه الأنواع الحشرية عند استخدامه بوجود العتبة الاقتصادية (حوالي ١ يرقة/نبات) على الحمص جيد النمو في طور الإزهار و تكوين القرون.
Chickpea podborers are the most dangerous insects of chickpea in almost all its cultivation areas in the world. It was proven that Thiodan (٣٥٪) has high effectiveness against these pests, when applied in economic threshold (١ larva/plant) on good grown crops at flowering and pod setting stages.
References used
Babu, P.C.S.; and B. Rajasekaran. ١٩٨٤. Evaluation of certain synthetic pyrethroids and vegetable products for the control of Bengal gram podborer, Heliothis armigera Hubner
Balasubramaniam, G. ١٩٧٦. Control of Bengal gram podborer, Heliothis armigera Hubner. Madaras Agric
Balasubramaniam, G.; R.J. Rabindra; P.P.V. Menon; and T.R. Subramluien. ١٩٧٧. Control of red germ podhoses with spray formulations. Madras Agric. J
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Experiments were conducted to study the effect of four chickpea plant
densities (٢٠, ٢٥،٣٣,٣ and ٥٠ plants/m٢) during ١٩٨٩, ١٩٩٠ and ١٩٩١ seasons
on podborers in southern Syria in three chichpea cultivares (Ghab l, Ghab ٢
and local).
Luteoviruses were recognized as a major cause of yellowing, leaf rolling and
stunting in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Syria. Aphid population dynamics
in two consecutive seasons (١٩٨٩/٩٠ and ١٩٩٠/٩١) showed a peak in April
followed by high lev
els of virus incidence and ranged between ٤ – ٧٨,٤ %.
Different sowing dates of four chickpea varieties (local chickpea, Ghab١,
Ghab٢ and Ghab٣) showed that early planting lead to disease escape, by
avoiding early infection. The yield average of the four chickpea varieties was
increased by ٢٦٠% in the first season and ١٤٠٪ in the second, when the crop
was planted early. Weeds have been studied as a potential over-wintering hosts.
A range of weed species mostly with yellows symptoms similar to those caused
by luteoviruses were collected from the field trial and tested. They proved to
host aphid vectors as well as luteoviruses.
A trial to control codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., by releasing the egg
parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal, was conducted for the first time
at Syria in Al-Sweida Mountains, ٢٠٠١. This experiment was carried out in a
young commercial appl
e orchard in Jabal Urman, Sweida. T. cacoeciae (Sy٢
strain) was released two times at a rate of ١٥٠ parasitoids/ tree/ release.
Efficacy in reduction of fruit damage was ٣٤,٣٧٪ comparing with untreated
one. Results showed that ٢ applications of this rate at the second generation
were not efficient to prevent damage above the economic threshold but it could
be used as a part of an integrated pest management program of this pest.
Several factors that affect Trichogramma efficacy in the field are discussed.
The; research was carried out during the two agricultural seasons 2010/2011-
2011/2012 at Par. of Agriculture, Department of crops, to study the effect of date
harvesting of Thymus vulgaris L. on quantity and essential oil percentage thyme leaves .
Planting seeds at 5/1/2010 at polyethylene don full 250/g soil and transplanting seedlings
at 1/2/2011 experiment locationn in area Al-sheikh Bader,Tartous Governator(Syria) the
experiment was randomized blocks designs. with three replications, using 3 harvesting
dates
Before flowering stage (T1) 61 days after transplanting.
Full flowering stage (T2) ater 65 days after transplanting.
After flowering stage "decennary binging" (T3) 72 days after transplanting. The
results showed that:
The harvesting time before flowring stage gave significant increasing in percentage
of moisture of herb, significantly increasing carbohydrates, fat in leaves comparing to the
another date harvesting full and after flowering stages (T1,T2) respectively.
The harvesting of time full flowering (T2) gave significant increase at protein
percentage, ash and essential oil in thyme leaves compared to the times harvesting before
and after flowering stages (T1) and (T3) respectively.
The harvesting time after flowering stages (T3) caused significantly decreased
moisture percentage in herb, protein percentage and fat percentage in leaves compared to
the two harvestings before and full flowering stages (T1) and (T2) on another hand
significantly increased of total fiber compared to the (T1) and (T2) harvesting stages during
the two seasons.
The effect of six bacterial isolates of Proteus genus were studied the on
causative of Fusarium axysporum f.sp ciceris in both the glasshouse and
the field.
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