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Register a new userStudy The Effect of High Doses of Some Seed-dressing Fungicides on Delaying The Infection by Chickpea Ascochyta Blight
دراسة تأثير جرعات مرتفعة من مبيدات فطرية (كاسيات البذور) في تأخير الإصابة بلفحة أسكوكيتا الحمص
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2003
fields
Plant Protecion
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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أُجريت الدراسة الحقلية في مركز بحوث الغاب للموسم 2000/2001 باسـتخدام كاسـيات البـذور الفطريـــة Benomyl و Difenoconazole و Diniconazole و Fludioxonil و Triticonazole و %5.Carboxin37% + 5.Thiram37 بالجرعات العادية و المضاعفة و أربعة أضعاف و ثمانية أضعاف على صنف الحمص غاب3 لمكافحة مرض لفحة أسكوكيتا الحمص Blight Ascochyta و اللقاح المحمول بالبذور أو بداخلها أو المنقول إلى البادرات و ذلك بهدف التوصل إلى إجـراءات فعالـة لإدارة المـرض. أوضحت النتائج قدرة هذه المبيدات على تثبيط المسبب المرضي المحمول على البذور و منع انتقالـه إلـى البادرات و تأخير الإصابة باللفحة لفترة 10 - 15 يوماً مقارنة مع الشاهد غير المعامل في المراحل المبكرة للنمو، و لكن أثرت الجرعات العالية من بعض المبيدات سلباً في الغلة.
This field study was carried out at EL- Gab Research Center during furing 2000-2001. Six fungicides namely, Benomyl 50%, Difenoconazole, Diniconazole, Fludioxonile, Triticonazole and Thiram 37.5% + Carboxin 37.5% with high doses×1, ×2, ×4, ×8 were used as seed dressings on chickpea cultivar Gab3 to study their effects on Ascochyta blight infection. The results showed that fungicides eradicated the infection from the seeds and protected the seedlings from infection. There was a clear effect on delaying the infection by ascochyta blight on chickpea for about 10-15 days in comparison with the untreated control. However, Higher doses of some fungicides negatively affected the yield.
References used
Akem, C. 1999. Ascochyta blight of chickpea: Present status and future priorities. International Journal of Pest Management. ISSN 0967-0874 print/ISSN 1366-5863.pp:131-135
Banniza, S., Chongo, G., Mcvicar, R., Morrall, R., Pearse, P. 2002. Managing Diseases in Lentil & Chickpea. Pulse Days 2002,Saskatoon. Pages 12-17 in Saskatchewan Pulse Growers
EL-Mott, M. S. 1981. Chickpea production in Syria. Pages 201-206 in: Ascochyta Blight and Winter Sowing of Chickpea (Saxena,M.C,and Singh, K.B,eds). Martinus Nijhoff/DR .W.Junk, ICARDA.Volume 9
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Luteoviruses were recognized as a major cause of yellowing, leaf rolling and
stunting in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Syria. Aphid population dynamics
in two consecutive seasons (١٩٨٩/٩٠ and ١٩٩٠/٩١) showed a peak in April
followed by high lev
els of virus incidence and ranged between ٤ – ٧٨,٤ %.
Different sowing dates of four chickpea varieties (local chickpea, Ghab١,
Ghab٢ and Ghab٣) showed that early planting lead to disease escape, by
avoiding early infection. The yield average of the four chickpea varieties was
increased by ٢٦٠% in the first season and ١٤٠٪ in the second, when the crop
was planted early. Weeds have been studied as a potential over-wintering hosts.
A range of weed species mostly with yellows symptoms similar to those caused
by luteoviruses were collected from the field trial and tested. They proved to
host aphid vectors as well as luteoviruses.
The aime of this study was to isolate and identify the seed borne fungi of two
varieties of Soybean, Sb172 and Sb44, using blotter method and P.D.A plate method.
21 species belong 10 genus were determined, saprophyte and pathogen Fungi.
P.D.A plat
e method showed the highest number of fungi in comparison with the
other method, and the fungus Aspergillus was the most frequent genus with a ratio of
44.2% for the variety sb172 and 45.14% for the variety sb44, followed by the fungus
Cladosporium and then Fusarium, whereas the genus Colletotrichum showed the lowest
frequent ratio (0.85%) with the variety Sb172.
The percentages of seeds germination and infection were differed between the two
varieties, and the ratio seeds germination of variety sb172 were higher than the variety
sb44 with the both methods of culture, and were equal 94% with prim variety and 92%
with the second ones by blotter method, whereas the ratio were 52% and 34% for both
varieties respectively by P.D.A plate method. However, the ratio of infection were, in
general, lower with prim variety than the second ones by the both method.
The results showed the seeds which were highest ratio infection appeared low ratio
germination .
This study was carried out to determine the effect of fungicides application
(carbendazim, benomyl, thiram and tolclofos-methyl) on soil when used at the
recommended rates and at duplicated rates on the fungi population in the bean
plant rhizosphe
re. Results showed that tested fungicides caused significant
reduction in the fungi population of rhizosphere bean plant when used at the
both levels compared with control. The tested fungicides caused various
inhibitory effects according to the application rate. However, the duplicated
rate caused remarkable reduction in fungi population. This reduction
continued 2 or 3 weeks when applied fungicides used at recommended or
duplicated rates respectively.
Increasing intramuscular doses of Methotrexate (25 mg / kg, 50 mg / kg,
100 mg / kg, 150 mg/ kg, 200 mg / kg, 250 mg / kg, 300 mg / kg) were tested on
Swiss strain Mouse by intramuscular injection. The reproductive potency was
evaluated by total s
perm count and movement of the left testis and it's
epididymis (15) days after injection. The weights of the latter of all tested
animals were registered.
The result indicate that Methotrexate, a Folate antagonist, is a negative
factor for sperm production in a dose related manner. It was evident that the
high doses (ex. Dose 200 mg / kg) lead to oligospermia. It was concluded that
Methotrexate inhibits the reproductive potency during spermatogenesis and
causes cytotoxicity in high doses. Further investigations are needed.
Ascochyta blight, which is caused by the fungus Ascochyta fabae f. Sp. Lentis, is
considered as a very important fungal disease that infects lentils and cause it damage.
The experiment was conducted in ICARDA research station for agricultural exper
iments in
the orchard area Basha, Jableh, Lattakia in four varieties of lentils that are grown in
different parts of Syria, and these varieties are: Idleb 2, Idleb 3, Idleb 4, and municipal red.
Artificial infection was performed using a local isolation of the fungus Ascochyta lentis
with an average of three times and ten days between each infection and the other. The
infectious vaccine adopted a concentration of 105 Båge / ml.
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