يلحظ الباحث في تاريخ الحضارات الشرقية القديمة جانبا جوهريا فيها، و هو الدور المهم الذي قام به المعتقد في تلك الحضارات، إذ كان هو الدافع و الموجه الأساس لها، و ما قدمته للبشرية من إنجازات حضارية متنوعة من سياسية و معمارية و فنية و غيرها خير شاهد على ذلك.
كان تأثير المعتقد الديني ظاهرا في ما يتعلق بحياة الانسان، من حيث عبادة عدد من الآلهة التي مثلها و صورها بحس ِب وظيفتها التي اعتقد بها في ذلك العصر، فكانت الأساطير و عوالم الخيال السائدة تشغل باله و تسيطر على أفكاره و نشاطه، و هذا ما تعكسه لنا اللقى الأثرية المختلفة، و من تلك اللقى الأشكال النحتية المتمثلة في الدمى الطينية
التي من خلالها عبر عن الآلهة الأنثى أو الآلهة الأم بطريقة عفوية بدائية، فكانت اللغة التي تحدث و عبر بها عن
رؤيته و خياله بأسلوبه العفوي بعيدا عن النظريات و الاتجاهات الفنية.
و لكن عند قراءتنا و تحليلنا لها نفاجئ بما تتضمنه من قيم تشكيلية و جمالية تتجلى بجمالية التعبير الفني، و بطريقة صياغة الشكل و ربطه بالمضمون الداخلي، و كأن المنفذ على وعي بما يقوم به، مما أضاف إلى قيمتها التاريخية قيمة فنية عالية ربما تضاهي ما نفذه النحات الأكاديمي المعاصر.
The researcher in the history of ancient Eastern civilizations observes an essential aspect in them, which is the important role played by the belief in those civilizations, as it motivation and directed the foundation to her, and what submitted of mankind's varied civilized achievements of (political, architectural, artistic, and others)proves that.
As the impact of religious belief was apparent regarding the human life, in terms of worship of many gods idealized according to their functions believed in that era, so since human minds were occupied by the prevailing myths and fantasy which also control their thoughts and activities, and that is what the different archaeological findings reflected to us such as the clay dolls which through them, they expressed the female god or the mother god in primitive spontaneous way, so it was the language
spoken and expressed their vision and imagination spontaneously away from theories or artistic trends. But when we try to read and analyze them we are surprised by what they included of aesthetic and formative values appear in the beauty of artistic expression, and the way they formed the shape and
linked it to the content, As if they were aware of what he was doing, which added high artistic values to its historical value it may be relatively comparable to what was carried out by contemporary academic sculptor.
References used
السواح، فراس: لغز عشتار، دار الكندي، 1988
الشمس، عبد الله: الحضارة و الميثولوجيا في العراق . القديم، دار علاء الدين، 2009
العش، أبو الفرج: محمد، و عدنان الجندي، و بشير زهدي: المتحف الوطني بدمشق، دليل مختصر.
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