This paper is an attempt to review some of the reasons which underwrite, first, philosophic and, second, political thought in ancient Greece. I begin with a review of some of the theories and laws by some of the most prominent Greek legislators, star
ting with the with the all-too-famous Iliad and the underlying political ideas which played a significant role in the thought of Greece's thinkers, particularly Plato. Then, I move to shed light on some of Solon's most important laws and their effects on political thought. Further, I considered some of the basic political problems with Pythagoreans and Sophists who both had a significant role in setting down philosophic and political theories, which later formed the foundations of Plato's philosophy, and the consequences and effects they had on philosophic thought generally and on political thought on particular.
This research deals with values through studying opinions of philosophers who consider that values are absolute ,and compare it with opinions of philosophers who consider that values are relative. Then, the research analyzes and criticizes opinions a
nd arguments of the two parts to discover their knowledge ,and ideological deep roots .
After that, it seems that philosophers who assert that values are absolute reflect conservative ideology , and want to fix social reality to serve their concerns; while philosophers who assert that values are relative reflect progressive ideology, and want to change social reality .
This research also clarifies that philosophers and thinkers of absolute values believe in absolute facts and knowledge; while philosophers and thinkers of relative values believe in relative facts and knowledge.
