This paper measures similarity both within and between 84 language varieties across nine languages. These corpora are drawn from digital sources (the web and tweets), allowing us to evaluate whether such geo-referenced corpora are reliable for modell
ing linguistic variation. The basic idea is that, if each source adequately represents a single underlying language variety, then the similarity between these sources should be stable across all languages and countries. The paper shows that there is a consistent agreement between these sources using frequency-based corpus similarity measures. This provides further evidence that digital geo-referenced corpora consistently represent local language varieties.
The experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Middle Heights,
during 2014 and 2015 seasons. Three varieties of Quinoa were used i.e. Ames
13762, NSL 106398 and Ames 137, which were introduced from International
Center for Bio Saline Agri
culture (ICBA), and they were selected out of five
varieties that were grown as observation lines in 2013, to get one variety, high
forage and grain yields, also suitable for the local conditions. RCBD design
with four replications was used. The traits that were studied were: Earliness,
plant height, flowering at 50%, green forage, grain and dry matter yields.
Results indicated that there were highly significant (p≤0.01) differences
between seasons and varieties in respect to plant height, green forage, dry
matter and grain yields. While, no significant effect for the interaction between
varieties and seasons overall growth performances.
The susceptibility of some varieties grown locally of common bean
has been evaluated for both pseudomonas savastanoi pv
phaseolicola which causes halo blight and xanthomonas axonopodis
pv phaseoli which causes common bacterial blight. Five locally
cultivated varieties were planted in green house under natural
conditions.
To determine the susceptibility of some olive varieties to the
disease of eye peacock, We studied the development of eye peacock
disease on 3 varieties (Khadairy - Zorzalina - Frontoio. The
percentage of infected leaves and the severity of infection were
estimated during spring and autumn months, the maximum period
of the spread of the disease.
This study was conducted in the village of Almetrkyah located in the southern
coastal plain of Lattakia city during 2014. In order to study the effect of Cucumber mosaic
virus on growth and development of two varieties of peppers, hybrid ESTAR F1 H
(sweet
pepper) and Demer(spicy pepper). This study included eight treatments, four treatments
for each variety. Plants were mechanically inoculated in three different stages, preflowering
bloom, flowering andpost-flowering stages each beside its non-inoculated
control. The result should that, the appearance of Cucumber mosaic virus symptoms on
infected sweet hybrid, was within four days before its appearance on inoculated spicy
variety,symptoms were leaf crinkle, leaf deformation, yellow patches and plant stunting.
Inoculated plants showed reduction in number of leaves, number of branches and yield.
Plants in pre flowering bloom stage were more effected by virus infection in both
varieties. Meannumber of leaves per plant of ESTAR F1 H hybrid were 130 in pre
flowering bloom stage compared with 170 leaf/plant in the control treatment. Mean
number of branches per plant of ESTAR F1 H hybrid were 43,4 branch/plant in pre
flowering bloom stage compared with 56,7branch/plant in the control treatment. Total
pepper production per plant was 700,8g in infected plants in preflowering bloom stage
compared with 1267,5g/plant in ESTAR F1 H hybrid control. Results of Demer variety
take the same results of ESTAR F1 H hybrid. The effect of virus infection on pepper plants
were reduced when inoculation were done during flowering stage and post-flowering stage,
differences were significant between inoculated plants in both varieties.
Biological characteristics and life table parameters of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch) were studied when fed on leaves of two apple cultivars (i.e. Golden and Starking dilishz) under laboratory conditions 25±1 Cº, relative hum
idity 65±5% and 16L:8D. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) by females of T.urticae was higher on leaves of Starking dilishz apple cultivar than on leaves of Golden dilishz apple cultivar (0.30, 0.27 female/female/day) respectively, while the generation time (T) and the time required for doubling the number of community mite (DT) were lower on leaves of Starking dilishz apple cultivars than on leaves of Golden dilishz apple cultivars (13.77, 2.3 days and 14.54, 2.55 days) respectively. The duration of the stages of growth from egg to adult female on leaves of Golden dilishz apple cultivar was longer than on Starking dilishz apple cultivars, where was (13.32 ± 1.15 and 12.22 ± 1.13), respectively, The Total fecundity on Golden dilishz apple cultivar was lower than on Starking dilishz cultivar (83.11 ± 8.91, 101.62 ± 15.48 eggs/female) respectively, The adult longevity on Golden dilishz leaves was lower than on Starking dilishz cultivar (15.33 ± 1.35, 17.14 ± 1.07 days) respectively, These differences on the apple varieties may be due to the chemical content and quality of the food and nature of the host tissue plant and the specifications can affect the rate of oviposition and development. and thus the Starking dilishz apple cultivars was more suitable for the development and reproduction of T. urticae compared with the Golden dilishz apple cultivar.
The field experiment was conducted Al Raqqa research station, the General
Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR),. during the
2011/2012- growng season to compare quality traits of four monogerm fodder
beet varieties, i.e. Jamon, Sp
lendids, Starmon and Vermon. The experiment
was run in Autumn during November and in Winter during January.
Experiment was carried out in accordance with the split plot design with three
replications. The results of the comparison test T-Test preference fodder beet
cultivation in the autumn compared with winter, but by a small percentage in
most of the quality traits. The results also showed that the monogerm variety
Vermon was the best in most of the quality traits as compared with the other
varieties, followed by Starmon. It was recomended to cultivate fodder beet in
both autumn and winter under Al Raqqa conditions, but after conducting a
complementary researches concerns the other agricultural treatments as, lifting
time, plant spacing, fertilization …etc, and to test more monogerm and
multigerm varieties from different sources.
This study was conducted in Tobacco fields in the Syrian coast to investigate Root-knot Nematode on two varieties of tobacco (Burley and Flue-cured). Two hundred and five samples of the roots of infected plants were collected from 32 fields in the pe
riod between early August and early October. The results showed that the degree of infestation was high (fifth degree) to Flue-cured tobacco (average was 179.20 knot for one sample), and fourth degree to the Burley tobacco (average 39.95 knot on one sample).
There were three species of Meloidogyne: M.javanica, it had the most frequency 46.25 % and 43.7 % of Burley and Flue-cured tobacco respectively, followed by M.incognita 26.25 % and 24.44% of samples respectively. These species were present together in less frequency on both studied varieties. Whereas the third specie M.arenaria only appeared in three sites of Flue-cured tobacco in less frequency (5.18 %) and was associated with M.incognita.
Four varieties of Safflower seeds grown in Syria in the spring and winter of
2011 were selected.
The Safflower oil was separated from those seeds by extraction using
petroleum ether, and determined the percentage of oil in all studied samples,
th
e proportion of oil ranged from 23.5 to 28.2 % in the winter planting period
and 28.5 to 30.3 % in the spring planting period.
The extracted oils were esterficated for the Gas chromatographic analysis
in order to show the effect of planting period change in the content of fatty
acids. It turns out that the most abundant fatty acid is an Linoleic acid (C18:2)
followed by oleic acid in all items except item N7 grown in the spring which
have convergent rate.
It also shows an increase in the content of (C16:0 and C18:0 and C18:1) and a
decrease in (C18:2) with a change in the period of planting from spring to winter,
except item N7, which showed a decrease in content of (C18:1) and increase in its
content of (C16:0 and C18:0 and C18:2), which led to a change in the iodine value
and all the wintry categories have become half dry oils.
The results indicate that planting period can be an effective major factor in
the quality of oil and fatty acids within its composition, so the ideal period of
planting is very important.
This study was conducted to examine the effect of storage period and fruit
wrapped of two local grapes varieties (Balady and Helwany) using polyethylene
bags of 50 μm thickness on some losses of grapes berry . the study estimated the
weight loss p
ercent, berry shatter, berry spoilage and the total losses for the
varieties as a function to storage period and packing of grapes berry. Results
showed that there is a high correlation between the storage period and the
weight loss, berry shatter, spoilage and the total losses of fruits, where this
action started after 3 weeks of the beginning of storage. The average percents of
weight loss after 100 days storage were 11.75 % and 8.43% for Balady and
Helwany respectively, the berry shatter percents were 6.20% and 5.52%
respectively for Balady and Helwany, the spoilage percents were 9.50% and
7.20% for Balady and Helwany respectively and the total losses for tow
varieties were 20.1% and 13.63% for Balady and Helwany respectively. The
previous values decreased clearly by using bags of polyethylene of 50 μm
thickness as follows: 9.47% and % 6.82 for weight losses, 3.10 % and 1.8% for
berry shatter, 7.20% and 3.51% for spoilage and the total losses 16% and
10.1% for Balady and Helwany respectively.
