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Register a new userBiology of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch) on Two apple cultivars Golden and Starking
بيولوجيا الأكاروس الأحمر ذي البقعتين (Tetranychus urticae (Koch على صنفي التفاح غولدن و ستاركنغ
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2015
fields
Plant Protecion
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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درست المؤشرات الحيوية و الحياتية للأكاروس الأحمر ذي البقعتين Tetranychus urticae (Koch) عند حرارة 1±25 Cº ، و رطوبة 5±65%، و 8:16 ساعة إضاءة/ظلام، و على أوراق صنفين من التفاح ( غولدن, ستاركنغ ديليشز ). كان معدل الزيادة الفعلية rm لإناث T.urticae على أوراق الصنف ستاركنغ أعلى مقارنة مع الصنف غولدن (0.30 و 0.27 أنثى/أنثى/يوماً على التوالي), في حين كانت مدة زمن الجيل (T)، و المدة اللازمة لتضاعف أعداد مجتمع الأكاروس (DT) على الصنف ستاركنغ أقل منه على الصنف غولدن (13.77, 2.3 و 14.54, 2.55 يوماً على التوالي)، استغرق التطور من البيضة إلى الأنثى البالغة على الصنف غولدن مدة زمنية أطول بالمقارنة مع الصنف ستاركنغ, (13.32 ±1.15 و 12.22±1.13 يوم على التوالي). كان معدل الخصوبة الكلية، و طول عمر البالغة على الصنف غولدن أقل منه على الصنف ستاركنغ (83.11±8.91 ، و 101.62±15.48 بيضة/أنثى على التوالي)، و (15.33 ±1.35 و 17.14±1.07 يوماً على التوالي). يمكن أن تعزى هذه الاختلافات على صنفي التفاح إلى المحتوى الكيميائي، و نوعية الغذاء، و طبيعة النسيج الورقي للعائل النباتي، و هذه المواصفات يمكن أن تؤثر في معدل وضع البيض و التطور، و من ثَمّ كان الصنف ستاركنغ أكثر ملائمة لتطور الأكاروس الأحمر ذي البقعتين و تكاثره، مقارنة مع الصنف غولدن.
Biological characteristics and life table parameters of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch) were studied when fed on leaves of two apple cultivars (i.e. Golden and Starking dilishz) under laboratory conditions 25±1 Cº, relative humidity 65±5% and 16L:8D. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) by females of T.urticae was higher on leaves of Starking dilishz apple cultivar than on leaves of Golden dilishz apple cultivar (0.30, 0.27 female/female/day) respectively, while the generation time (T) and the time required for doubling the number of community mite (DT) were lower on leaves of Starking dilishz apple cultivars than on leaves of Golden dilishz apple cultivars (13.77, 2.3 days and 14.54, 2.55 days) respectively. The duration of the stages of growth from egg to adult female on leaves of Golden dilishz apple cultivar was longer than on Starking dilishz apple cultivars, where was (13.32 ± 1.15 and 12.22 ± 1.13), respectively, The Total fecundity on Golden dilishz apple cultivar was lower than on Starking dilishz cultivar (83.11 ± 8.91, 101.62 ± 15.48 eggs/female) respectively, The adult longevity on Golden dilishz leaves was lower than on Starking dilishz cultivar (15.33 ± 1.35, 17.14 ± 1.07 days) respectively, These differences on the apple varieties may be due to the chemical content and quality of the food and nature of the host tissue plant and the specifications can affect the rate of oviposition and development. and thus the Starking dilishz apple cultivars was more suitable for the development and reproduction of T. urticae compared with the Golden dilishz apple cultivar.
References used
ABD EL-WAHED,N.M. and EL-HALAWANY,A.S. Effect of Temperature Degrees on the Biology and Life Table Parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch on Two Pear varieties. Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci.,2012, 4(1): 103-109
BENGSTON,M. Effect of different varieties of the apple host on the development of Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Qld. J. Agric. Anita. Sci. 27:95-114
CAREY,J.R. and BRADLEY,J.W. Developmental rates, vital schedules, sex ratios and life tables for Tetranychus urticae, T. turkestani and T. pacificus (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on cotton. Acarologia,1982, 22:89-111
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The accuracy of the taxon T. cinnabarinus (Boisduval 1867) as a distinct species, or
as a synonym of Tetranychus urticae Koch 1836, is still standing as a controversial issue of
taxonomy and as a point of discussion. T. cinnabarinus and T. urticae
have been regarded
in the first stage of this study as one species, and it was characterized depending on the
distinctive characteristics of both genders. In the second stage, the two species were
distinguished according to many morphological characters that have been recommended by
authors cited T.cinnabarinus as a valid species. The efficiency of some measures adopted
to distinguish both T. cinnabarinus and T. urticae were also tested. Measurements didn't
match local samples that showed obvious differences, T. cinnabarinus & T. urticae are not
likely to be considered as two different species according to recent researches. Both T.
cinnabarinus and T. urticae were detected on various wild and cultivated host plants. One
hundred samples of plants presented symptoms of tetranychid attacks were collected from
different localities in Lattakia province. Both T. urticae and T. cinnabarinus were found on
29, 9 samples, respectively.
In this experiment, liquid of soap at three dosages (3, 5 and 7 ml/L) and
Abamectin (12.5 ml/100L) has been used with releas of the mite predator,
Phytoseiulus persimilis for controlling the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus
urticae on bean pla
nts under laboratory conditions. Contact toxicity of soap
liquid and Abamectin were evaluated and classified according to IOBC.
Efficacy of soap liquid at 3 and 5 ml/L was not sufficient to repress spider mite
populations while the using of soap liquid at three concentration with
predatory mite showed supporter effect and provide satisfactory control
whereas soap liquid determined to be slightly harmful- moderately to P.
persimilis. Abamectin with predatory mite or if used only gave sufficient control
to spider mite population but without supporter effect between Abamectin and
predatory mite whereas Abamectin determined to be harmful to P. persimilis.
However, using soap at suitable dosage, with or without predatory mite, gave
encouraging results for controlling spider mites. Generally, using of soap
showed adaptation with predatory mite and proved supporter effect for
controlling the spider mites. In despite of, soap showed no phytotoxicity to host
plants but needs to be tested in greenhouse and field conditions before
application.
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of the aqueous extracts
of three plants (Melia azedarach L., Smilax asepra L. and Styrax officinalis L.),
three pesticides (acetamiprid, abamectin and pyridaben) and releasing of two
preda
tors (Phytoseiuls persimilis Athias–Henriot and Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant)
in controlling of Tetranychus urticae Koch populations in tomato greenhouse.
This study was carried out in AL Swaida nursery during 2009 and 2010
seasons to study effect of time and grafting high are on the growth strength of
apple cultivars: Golden delicious، Stark rimson, Starking delicious. Results
showed that Golden de
licious preponderated on the other cultivars in diameter
average (9.06 mm) at 3cm above the grafting area (5cm above soil level). The
study also confirmed that Starking delicious showed significant superiority(p
<0.05) in term of growth strength on the other two cultivars when grafting was
carried at 5cm and 20cm above soil level and the best of leaf area (2862،89cm2)
was observed at 20 cm above the soil level when grafting took place in 31 of
August.
The aim of the research was to study seasonal changes communities of spider mites
and predatory mite Typhlodromus athiasae Porath and Swirski on two apple cultivars
(Golden and red Delicious) from orchards located in two regions: Al-Mokharam and Al
-
Qusayr during the beginning May 2013 and the end of October 2014. The results showed
that the highest density of the spider mites was in two essential period in early and mid
summer, while T.athiasae started its active with started pery active, that started appear in
the may, and the top of its number was in July, The mean density of the mite predator and
spider mites was higher on the red Delicious apple cultivar compared to Golden Delicious
with significant differences, and its presence was higher in the Al-Qusayr region compared
to the Al-Mokharam region with significant differences, also remarked this predator on
some surrounding vegetation in these orchards.
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