The results showed a variation in the ratio of dry material derived from wood
samples of (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). The dry matter weight was (432.23 mg) (716.95
mg) for each of the waterless wood and internal wood respectively.
It was found that
the most important fungi associated with wheat seed group are:
Fusarium sp. (36%) and Alternaria sp. (28%) and Aspergillus sp. (12%) and Rhizopus sp
(9%) and Penicillium sp (6%) and fungi are not defined by (9%).
It was found that the wood extracts from (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) varied in the of
the Almiceleom inhibition to the tested fungi growth (Fusarium sp. , Alternaria sp. and
Aspergillus sp.) in the nutritious environment according to the type of the extracts,
concentration and targeted fungi. The effect of the wood extracts has increased as the
percentage of the dry matter of the heart wood increased. The incremental heart wood
ratio increased inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi. On the other hand, the wood
extract gave of waterless wood less effect of Miceleom inhibiting on the growth of tested
fungi in general. The effectiveness of the mixtures Increased as heart wood concentration
increased. It has been Found from the data that there was difference in migraine
concentration of the heart wood extracts and waterless wood mixtures largely. the Extract
of the mixture wooden gave (10:10) the highest efficiency among the three tested extracts
on the fungus, where the EC50 values were less than 46.50, 84.66 and 131.54 ppm for each
of the fungus (Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. And Alternaria sp. respectively.
This study was carried out to survey the mycoflora of maize grain stored in the
autumn season in 2011. Special attention to was paid to Fusariumverticillioides and
detection of chemical analysis on the toxins Fumonisin(FUM) and zearalenone
(ZEA) p
roduced from F.verticilloides in three locations for the receipt and storage
of grain in Deirezzor and Raqqa and Hasaka. The results showed that maize kernels
discolored in rate of between 28.9, 32.5 and 36.4% respectively in Hasaka,
Deirezzor and Raqqa. There was a positive coloration between maize kernels
discolored and grain moisture percent. Microbial analysis showed associated fungi
were Penicillium spp. (40.2%), Aspergillus spp. (37.4%), Fusariumspp. (12.6%),
Rhizopus spp. (4.5%), Mucor spp. (3.8%) and Alternaria spp. (1.4%). F.
verticillioides was the most frequency of Fusarium spp. Rates 83.8, 78.9 and 82.0%
respectively in Deirezzor, Raqqa and Hasaka.Toxins (FUM) in Deirezzor was
between 0.6 -5.3 mg / kg, and between 0.9 - 6.7 mg / kg in Raqqa, and from 0.2 to -
2.3 mg / kg in Hasaka, while Toxins (ZEA) were between 0.2-2.1, -0.5 7.6 and
0.03-0.8 mg / kg respectively in the three locations.Chromatographic analysis
showed that the isolation of 42 out of 60 isolates of F. verticillioides was producing
Toxins (FUM), were more isolates producing isolates Raqqa by 80%, in Deirezzor
70% and 60%. In Hasaka.
The aim behind this study was to isolate and characterize fungi from fermented olive
mill wastewater to determine the superior one that can resist high organic load and total
phenol of fresh Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW).
Two different media Czapak
Dox Agar (CzA) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) were
used for identification of fungi by studying macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.
However, Aspergilluss sclerotiorum, Paecilomyces sniveus and Mucor nircinelloides had
had been identified .
After testing the isolates on fresh olive mill wastewater solid mediums OMWA1
(50%OMW), OMWA2 (75%OMW) and OMWA3 (100%OMW).
Whereas P. niveus proves that was the superior one, which can resist high
concentration of fresh olive mill wastewater.
This investigation carried out in 2012-2013,in department of plant protection-
Damascus Unv., to study the effect of ethanol and water extracts of Allium sativum L.,
Inula viscos L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Melia azedarach L., in inhibition mycelium
growth of fungi Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum and compared with
fungicides (carbendazim and chlorothalonil) on PDA in the laboratory. The result showed
that ethanol extracts of studied species gave significant inhibition to growth fungi
compared with the control. The ethanol and water extract of the Allium sativum gave the
superior effect inhibition to F. oxysporum where gave 100% inhibition at 600 and 1000
mg/l. at respectively, and gave100% inhibition to A. alternata at 1000 mg/l. Followed with
the ethanol extract of Inula viscos. While, the ethanol and water extract of the Melia
azedarach gave the lowest inhibition to growth study fungi. Where didn’t gave 100 %
inhibition to F. oxysporum and A. alternata at 1000 mg/l. On the other hand, the ethanol
extract of Thymus vulgaris gave moderate inhibition to F. oxysporum, while the inhibition
of A. alternata was little. The ethanol extract of tested plants gave the superior effect
inhibition to both fungi compared with water extracts. On the other hand, the obtained
results showed that carbandazim gave the superior inhibition for F. oxysporum ,where gave
100% inhibition at concentration 120 mg/l. While the fungicide chlorothalonil gave the
lowest inhibition to F. oxysporum. At contrast, the fungicide chlorothalonil gave the
highest inhibition to A. alternata at used concentration. Where cause 100% inhibition at
150 mg/l. On the other hand, Effect of plant extracts and fungicides increased with increase
of concentrate. We can arranged the effect of plant extraction at the values (ED50): Allium
sativum L., Inula viscos L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Melia azedarach L., Therefore we
recommended to use the ethanol extract of the Allium sativum L., Inula viscos L. as
environment friendly fungicides.
The aime of this study was to isolate and identify the seed borne fungi of two
varieties of Soybean, Sb172 and Sb44, using blotter method and P.D.A plate method.
21 species belong 10 genus were determined, saprophyte and pathogen Fungi.
P.D.A plat
e method showed the highest number of fungi in comparison with the
other method, and the fungus Aspergillus was the most frequent genus with a ratio of
44.2% for the variety sb172 and 45.14% for the variety sb44, followed by the fungus
Cladosporium and then Fusarium, whereas the genus Colletotrichum showed the lowest
frequent ratio (0.85%) with the variety Sb172.
The percentages of seeds germination and infection were differed between the two
varieties, and the ratio seeds germination of variety sb172 were higher than the variety
sb44 with the both methods of culture, and were equal 94% with prim variety and 92%
with the second ones by blotter method, whereas the ratio were 52% and 34% for both
varieties respectively by P.D.A plate method. However, the ratio of infection were, in
general, lower with prim variety than the second ones by the both method.
The results showed the seeds which were highest ratio infection appeared low ratio
germination .
The antagonistic activity of liquid culture filtrate of Trichodermaharzianum at
different concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 30%) was evaluated "in vitro" at 25 C° against
following plant and human pathogenic fungi: Aspergi
llusniger, Rhizopusstolonifer,
Fusariumoxysporum, F.moniliforme, Alternariaalternata and Candida albicans.
The results showed high level activity of culture filtrate inhibiting the growth of
tested fungi.
The activity was varied with the different species of fungi and the different
concentrations of culture filtrate. The highest activity was against fungus A.niger which
showed precent inhibition equal 96.3% at 30% concentration. Whereas the lowest
inhibition percentage to 77.6% was recorded for fungus A.alternata in comparison with
other fungi.
The culture filterate was not affected the radial colonies growth of R.stolonifer at 5%
and 10% concentrations, however the colonies was fragile and weak, and clearly inhibited
the spores formation.
The culture filtrate was showed high antagonistic capability against the human
pathogenic fungus C.albicans, and the radial inhibition growth was 1.38 cm at 30%
concentration.
The effect of salinity and the treatment with fungicide on seed germination of Cupressus
sempervirens L. was investigated.
Five concentrations of salinity (0, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10%) were used. One part of the seeds was
treated with fungicides (Benomyl
), while the other part was germinated without fungicide
treatment. The results showed that seed germination was reduced by salinity, but the reduction was
more pronounced without fungicide and with salt concentration, the seeds didn't germinate at 5 and
10% NaCl.
Despite the decrease of germination indices with the increase of salt concentrations, the
statistical results didn't show significant differences in salinity concentrations and the control in
germination speed without fungicide, but they were significant with the fungicide. The statistical
results showed significant differences between the presence and absence of fungicide in all
treatments
The investigation was carried out during 2011-2012 at the laboratories of Plant
Protection Dep., Faculty of Agriculture, and Chemistry Dep., Damascus
University. The fatty acid composition in the seed and flower of Chinaberry
(Melia azedaracht L.)
was studied by Gas Chromatography. Results showed
that four fatty acids with different rate in seed and flowers of Chinaberry. The
ratio of unsaturated fatty acid was highly in dry and fresh seed oil and reached
88.66% and 85.43%, respectively. Where the percentage of linoleic acid was
higher than oleic acid. The percentage of saturated fatty acids was highly in oil
flowers (39.97%), where the ratio of stearic acid was the highest followed by
palmitic acid. Tthe efficacy of oil extract of dry, fresh seed and flowers
Chinaberry for suppressing the growth of the fungi, Penicillium digitatum and
Botrytis cinerea on artificial media in comparison with standard fungicides,
benomyl and procymidone under laboratory condition was also evaluated.
This study was carried out to determine the effect of fungicides application
(carbendazim, benomyl, thiram and tolclofos-methyl) on soil when used at the
recommended rates and at duplicated rates on the fungi population in the bean
plant rhizosphe
re. Results showed that tested fungicides caused significant
reduction in the fungi population of rhizosphere bean plant when used at the
both levels compared with control. The tested fungicides caused various
inhibitory effects according to the application rate. However, the duplicated
rate caused remarkable reduction in fungi population. This reduction
continued 2 or 3 weeks when applied fungicides used at recommended or
duplicated rates respectively.
The objectives of this research were to study the effect of moisture content
and temperature of corn stored in where-houses and out-doors for production
and determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Syria.
200 tons of corn crops was used for our experiment
, and was divided 100
tons each for storage out-doors and in-doors respectively according to General
Company of Feed Stuff in Syria. Samples had been taken for 12 months by
using stratified random sampling method.
