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Mycoflora Associated with MaizeGrains Stored and mycotoxin contamination produced by Fusariumverticillioides (Sacc.)

الفطريات المرافقة لحبوب الذرة الصفراء المخزونة و تقصي تلوثها بالسموم الفطرية المنتجة من الفطر Sacc.) Fusariumverticillioides)

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 Publication date 2016
  fields Plant Protecion
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This study was carried out to survey the mycoflora of maize grain stored in the autumn season in 2011. Special attention to was paid to Fusariumverticillioides and detection of chemical analysis on the toxins Fumonisin(FUM) and zearalenone (ZEA) produced from F.verticilloides in three locations for the receipt and storage of grain in Deirezzor and Raqqa and Hasaka. The results showed that maize kernels discolored in rate of between 28.9, 32.5 and 36.4% respectively in Hasaka, Deirezzor and Raqqa. There was a positive coloration between maize kernels discolored and grain moisture percent. Microbial analysis showed associated fungi were Penicillium spp. (40.2%), Aspergillus spp. (37.4%), Fusariumspp. (12.6%), Rhizopus spp. (4.5%), Mucor spp. (3.8%) and Alternaria spp. (1.4%). F. verticillioides was the most frequency of Fusarium spp. Rates 83.8, 78.9 and 82.0% respectively in Deirezzor, Raqqa and Hasaka.Toxins (FUM) in Deirezzor was between 0.6 -5.3 mg / kg, and between 0.9 - 6.7 mg / kg in Raqqa, and from 0.2 to - 2.3 mg / kg in Hasaka, while Toxins (ZEA) were between 0.2-2.1, -0.5 7.6 and 0.03-0.8 mg / kg respectively in the three locations.Chromatographic analysis showed that the isolation of 42 out of 60 isolates of F. verticillioides was producing Toxins (FUM), were more isolates producing isolates Raqqa by 80%, in Deirezzor 70% and 60%. In Hasaka.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى مسح الفطريات المرافقة لحبوب الذرة الصغراء المخزونة من العروة الخريفية في الموسم 2011، مع التركيز على الفطر Fusarium verticillioides والكشف عن السموم الفطرية (Fumonisin وZearalenone) المنتجة منه في ثلاث محافظات سورية: دير الزور، الرقة، والحسكة. أظهرت النتائج تلوث حبوب الذرة بنسب متفاوتة في المحافظات الثلاثة، حيث بلغت نسبة التلوث في الحسكة 28.9%، وفي دير الزور 32.5%، وفي الرقة 36.4%. كما تم تحديد نسبة الرطوبة في الحبوب والتي تراوحت بين 14.3% و18.5%. تم التعرف على ستة أجناس فطرية مرافقة للحبوب الملوثة، وكانت أكثرها شيوعاً هي Penicillium وAspergillus وFusarium. أظهرت التحاليل الكيميائية أن 42 عزلة من أصل 60 عزلة من F. verticillioides كانت قادرة على إنتاج السموم الفطرية Fumonisin، بنسب تراوحت بين 60% و80% في المحافظات الثلاثة. تراوحت كمية السموم الفطرية Fumonisin بين 0.6 و6.7 ملغ/كغ، بينما تراوحت كمية السموم Zearalenone بين 0.03 و7.6 ملغ/كغ. توصي الدراسة بضرورة تجفيف الحبوب بشكل جيد قبل التخزين ومراقبة الظروف البيئية في المخازن لمنع نمو الفطريات وإنتاج السموم الفطرية.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة جداً في مجال سلامة الأغذية، حيث تسلط الضوء على مشكلة تلوث حبوب الذرة بالسموم الفطرية في سوريا. ومع ذلك، يمكن أن تكون هناك بعض النقاط التي تحتاج إلى تحسين. على سبيل المثال، كان من الأفضل توسيع نطاق الدراسة لتشمل مواسم زراعية مختلفة وليس فقط موسم الخريف. كما أن الدراسة لم تتطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى تأثير العوامل البيئية الأخرى مثل درجة الحرارة والرطوبة النسبية على نمو الفطريات وإنتاج السموم. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كان من الممكن أن تكون هناك توصيات أكثر تفصيلاً حول كيفية تحسين ظروف التخزين وتقليل التلوث الفطري.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي النسبة المئوية لتلوث حبوب الذرة في محافظة الرقة؟

    النسبة المئوية لتلوث حبوب الذرة في محافظة الرقة بلغت 36.4%.

  2. ما هي الأجناس الفطرية الأكثر شيوعاً التي تم العثور عليها في الحبوب الملوثة؟

    الأجناس الفطرية الأكثر شيوعاً هي Penicillium وAspergillus وFusarium.

  3. ما هي كمية السموم الفطرية Fumonisin التي تم العثور عليها في محافظة دير الزور؟

    كمية السموم الفطرية Fumonisin في محافظة دير الزور تراوحت بين 0.6 و5.3 ملغ/كغ.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة لتحسين ظروف تخزين الحبوب؟

    التوصيات تشمل تجفيف الحبوب بشكل جيد قبل التخزين، والفرز والتخلص من الحبوب المكسورة والملونة والملوثة، والمحافظة على نظافة المخزن بالتعقيم ومراقبة الحبوب المخزونة بصورة دورية.


References used
AMADI, J. E; and D. O. ADENIYI.Mycotoxin production by fungi isolated from stored grains. Nigeria, African Journal of Biotechnology. 2009, 8 (7): 1219-1221
5- AOAC.Association of Official Analytical Chemists, official methods of analysis. 16th ed, Washington DC, 1995, USA.771p
BEATRIZ, L. S., ALESSANDRA, B. R., PAULO, A. M., and M. J. MIGUEL.Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A and zearalenone in maize- based food products Brazilian.J.of Microbiology. 2005, 36:289-294
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