هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى إجراء مسح للفطريات المرافقة لحبوب الذرة الصفراء المخزونة من العروة الخريفية في الموسم 2011، و التركيز على الفطر Fusariumverticillioides، و الكشف بالتحليل الكيميائي على السموم (FUM) Fumonisin و zearalenone (ZEA) المنتجة من قبل الفطر F.verticilloides تم ذلك في ثلاثة مواقع لاستلام و تخزين الحبوب (دير الزور و الرقة و الحسكة). أظهرت النتائج تلوث حبوب الذرة الصفراء بنسب 28.9، 32.5 و 36.4%، و نسب رطوبة الحبوب 14.3، 17.2 و 18.5% على التوالي في محافظات الحسكة، دير الزور و الرقة. تم التعرف على 6 أجناس فطرية مرافقة للحبوب الملوثة بنسب مئوية متفاوتة و كانت المتوسطات في المحافظات الثلاثة بالترتيب Penicillium(40.2%) ، Aspergillus(37.4%) ،Fusarium (12.6%) ،Rhizopus(4.5%) ، Mucor (3.8%) و Alternaria(1.4%). كما تبين سيادة النوع F. verticillioides من بين أنواع الفطر Fusariumspp. بمتوسطات بلغت 83.8، 78.9 و 82.0% على التوالي للمحافظات الثلاث، و تراوحت كمية السم FUM (0.6 -5.3)، (0.9 – 6.7) و (0.2 -2.3) ملغ/كغ، في حين تراوحت كمية السم (ZEA) بين (0.2-2.1)، (0.5-7.6) و (0.03-0.8) ملغ/كغ على التوالي في محافظات دير الزور، الرقة و الحسكة. و تبين التحاليل بوساطة الكروماتوغرافيا أن 42 عزلة من أصل 60 عزلة من F. verticillioides تمتلك قابلية إنتاج السم (FUM) بنسب بلغت 70%، 80% و 60% في المحافظات الثلاثة.
This study was carried out to survey the mycoflora of maize grain stored in the
autumn season in 2011. Special attention to was paid to Fusariumverticillioides and
detection of chemical analysis on the toxins Fumonisin(FUM) and zearalenone
(ZEA) produced from F.verticilloides in three locations for the receipt and storage
of grain in Deirezzor and Raqqa and Hasaka. The results showed that maize kernels
discolored in rate of between 28.9, 32.5 and 36.4% respectively in Hasaka,
Deirezzor and Raqqa. There was a positive coloration between maize kernels
discolored and grain moisture percent. Microbial analysis showed associated fungi
were Penicillium spp. (40.2%), Aspergillus spp. (37.4%), Fusariumspp. (12.6%),
Rhizopus spp. (4.5%), Mucor spp. (3.8%) and Alternaria spp. (1.4%). F.
verticillioides was the most frequency of Fusarium spp. Rates 83.8, 78.9 and 82.0%
respectively in Deirezzor, Raqqa and Hasaka.Toxins (FUM) in Deirezzor was
between 0.6 -5.3 mg / kg, and between 0.9 - 6.7 mg / kg in Raqqa, and from 0.2 to -
2.3 mg / kg in Hasaka, while Toxins (ZEA) were between 0.2-2.1, -0.5 7.6 and
0.03-0.8 mg / kg respectively in the three locations.Chromatographic analysis
showed that the isolation of 42 out of 60 isolates of F. verticillioides was producing
Toxins (FUM), were more isolates producing isolates Raqqa by 80%, in Deirezzor
70% and 60%. In Hasaka.
References used
AMADI, J. E; and D. O. ADENIYI.Mycotoxin production by fungi isolated from stored grains. Nigeria, African Journal of Biotechnology. 2009, 8 (7): 1219-1221
5- AOAC.Association of Official Analytical Chemists, official methods of analysis. 16th ed, Washington DC, 1995, USA.771p
BEATRIZ, L. S., ALESSANDRA, B. R., PAULO, A. M., and M. J. MIGUEL.Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A and zearalenone in maize- based food products Brazilian.J.of Microbiology. 2005, 36:289-294
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