The soil water erosion risk is one of the most important problems and
challenges facing the agricultural process in the Syrian coast today. The aim
of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of dangerous areas of
water erosion in the
basin of the Mrqyieh River using CORINE model. To
achieve this objective, the first phase of the study was to evaluate the soil
erosion viability based on soil characteristics (soil texture, soil depth and
percentage of stones); these properties were classified according to their
influence degree on soil erosion. The potential risk erosion map was based
on crossing all information obtained from soil erodibility, erosivity index
and the degree of slope at study area by using GIS technologies. The land
cover map of the study was produced and classified to two classes
depending on soil protection degree. Then, an actual risk map of soil erosion
was prepared after crossing land cover and potential risk erosion classes of
study sites. This study showed that 14.8% of the studied area facing high
risk of soil erosion, while the soil risk was moderate in 40.4% and low in
44.8% of the study area. The highly risked erosion area was located in the
center, northern and northwest parts of the study area. Moreover, the study
confirmed that the land cover is the most influential factor on soil water
erosion. The results showed that the Corine model for soil water erosion
mapping is a highly effective and cost-effective approach
The aim of this research is to predict the quantities of soil lost by the water erosion in the
Al-Hawiz Dam basin area using GIS and RUSL. R factor was calculated through
matimatical equation after collecting rain data during 2008-2017 from weather
station at
Basel-Al-Assad airport .k value of each soil sampl was calculated after determination of
txture,structure,saturated hydrolic conductivity, and organic matter).a map were prepared
showed local distribution of k values .slop factor was determined as well as using DEM for
studied region, and slop map was introduced in mathematical equation through a GIS to
obtain LS map .NDV used for studied region to calculate C map.To obtain predictive map
of soil lost quantitis ,maps of LS,C,K was multiplicated with R value.
The results showed that R value in studied region 342.78 ,while k factor value was
0.7-0.28.soil with low value concentrated at medium part of studied region,whil slop
factor value was between 0 and 38.87.C factor value was 0.29 at west part and 0.98 at east
part .prediction map of lost quantites was classified in to 4 degrees according erosion risk (
very low risk ,low,medium,high .The results of soil lost quantities were classified in to 4
classes in studied region : very low( 0-5) t/h/year,low( 5-12 ) t/h/year and medium ( 12-24
t/h/year and severe in which soil loss exceeded 24 t/h/year
Water erosion is the most serious environmental problem which cause soil
degradation in watershed areas in Syria cost .for this reason, this study aimed to defined
spatial distribution of water erosion risk for land Bhmra Dm basin using corine mode
l.
Corine model depend on calculating all factor that affect water erosion ,soil erosion
vability ,rain erosivity ,slop and land cover.
The research was performed during the three years from 2011 in the coastal area
“Lattakia and Tartous” The study of soil erosion has been traced in eight occasional sites in
the coastal area, Gradient in its slope degree from 10% to 45% . the eight
sites has also
been studied under the three systems “Forests, burned forests , planted soil”
The results shows, that the dangerous of the Water erosion in the coastal area soils
especially in the slopes that is more than 15%, the drift reached scary figures that ranged
between 32.5 ton/Hectares when the slope was 10%, and 165 ton/hectares when the slope
was 45% in the agricultural system (Where the surface of the soil is semi-disgrace), These
amounts ranged between 9 and 56.5 t / hectares/year in the burned forest system and
between 1.4 and 15 t / hectares/year in the forest system.
The runoff of rain water may range between 24 and 59.20 in the forest system versus
6.8 and 32.8 in the burned forest systems and, finally, between 2.9 and 16.8 in the forest
system.
This research was conducted in order to determine the impact
of raindrops in terms of force of impact and its relation to rain
intensity as well as the relay rain on the amount of soil eroded
and water drifting due to water erosion .
The study aimedtoalertthe danger oferosionare three types ofsoilsexposedby
calculatingthe amount ofsoilerodedfromthe impact ofthe
Cascadefiverainstormsequalintensity, thosesoils, has been securedsoilsnecessaryfor the
studyofseveral areas ofdiffere
nt provincesin Syria, where he wasplaced in thebasin,
thenoffered forrainstormsbymobile(Rainfall Simulation),andaftereveryrainstormwas
recordedreadingsfor the loss ofsoilfromeachbasinrunoffandinfiltration.
The results of thisstudy showedthe effectin terms oftexturesin thedrift,
themoremechanicalgroupsdriftingin the threesoilsareprimarilysiltgroup, followed by the
mudpack, thensand, and clay soilswith ahigh percentageofsiltmosterosionofclay soilswith
alowpercentageofsilt, followed bysandyclayloamsoils, wherethe amount ofsoillostfromthe
clay soilreachedwith a high contentofsilt147.7t/ h/y, andthe lowclaycontentofsilt118.5t/
h/y, while the soilwithtexturesLummisandyclay, reaching 90.5t / h/y.And soil erosion that
attaches primarily by college carbonates then dispersion ratio of organic matter and then
finally percentage silt.
Terracing is one of the oldest means for saving water and soil in Syria. This study
aims to evaluate the bench terraces efficiency in water and soil conservation in Salata
Village (30 km southeast of Lattakia). For this purpose, runoff and soil ero
sion were
estimated and compared between two treatments in one selected field, the first represent a
part of slope without terrace "witness", the second represents terraces "two adjacent plots
with terraces" Where three experimental plots, each one of 50 m2 were used for the
measurement of surface runoff and sediment concentration.
The study showed low values of runoff coefficient on "terraces" treatment compared
to the "witness", where its average value during the study period was 7.2% for "terraces",
and 27% for the "witness". As it turns out the low rate of soil loss during the same period,
from 79 t/ ha/year for the "witness" to 5.2 t/ ha/yeardown the "terraces".
The study confirmed the importance of terraces in water and soil conservation by
limiting soil erosion and reducing surface runoff.
This study aimed to describe the water erosion modeling in Daher Aljabal
and its surrounding areas in Al-Sowaida Governorate based on GIA and RS.
The water erosion risk map was obtained by applying GIS model developed on
the basis of ten factors i
nfluencing the erosion process. GIS layers were built
for every factor. The weights for all factors were added together. Based on sum
of these factors, water erosion was divided into six erosion risk levels. Results
showed that 12% of the study area was classified in levels 5 and 6, which reflect
high and very high water erosion risks. Land topography was the main factor
in water soil erosion. Terraces are effective ways to decrease the water soil
erodability. Results also showed that GIS and RS were powerful tools in water
erosion risk assessment mapping.
Water erosion is considered one of the most prominent and dangerous forms of soil erosion, especially in the coastal region, where it rains in large quantities. Consequently, this results in sweeping away tons of soil into the river streams; some of
this will be deposited in the rivers, some in the dam lakes constructed on these rivers, while the rest will be deposited in the sea into which rivers flow. The aims of this study are to calculate the ratio between the amount of sediments related to water erosion of the soil and the amount of the sediments transported in Zgaro River which reach the lake of 16 Tishreen Dam, and to suggest the appropriate solutions which will insure reducing the sedimentation rate and its correlated negative impacts. This study demonstrates the characteristics of the watershed of Zgaro River using Watershed Modeling System (WMS 7.1), and also the calculation of the total amount of sediments related to water erosion of the soil in the area of study, applying the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The amount of sediments transported by water was also calculated using internationally recognized measuring devices. These devices were manufactured for the purpose of this study. A total of 24886 tons of transported sediments was measured in Zgaro River, constituting 36% of the total annual amount of 69401 tons of sediments resulting from water erosion of the soil. This value comprises the actual amount of sediments deposited in the lake of 16 Tishreen Dam, which is then transported through the river stream. Consequently, this sedimentation has resulted in a downward trend of the reservoir capacity of the dam lake. These findings require feasible solutions to reducing the rate of sedimentation and its correlated negative impacts.
Soil water erosion is a major factor of land degradation in the coastal slopes of Syria, and in the long run represents a real threat to the environment and natural resources such as soil, water and vegetation cover.
