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Register a new userImpact of Terraces in water and soil conservation Case Study: Terraces of Salata Village – Lattakia
تقييم فعالية المدرجات الحجرية في حفظ المياه و التربة في قرية السلاطة – اللاذقية
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2014
fields
Forestry and Ecology
and research's language is
العربية
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تعد المدرجات من أقدم التقنيات المستخدمة لحفظ المياه و التربة على منحدرات الجبال الساحلية في سوريا، لكنها تتعرض اليوم للإهمال و التدهور. تهدف هذه الدراسة لتقييم فعالية المدرجات الحجرية المشادة لحفظ المياه و التربة في قرية السلاطة (30كم جنوب شرق محافظة اللاذقية) و ذلك عبر تقدير الجريان السطحي و التربة المنجرفة بعد الهطل و مقارنتهما بين معاملتين على نفس المنحدر تمثل الأولى الشاهد (قطعة تجريبية لا تتضمن مدرج), و تمثل الثانية المدرجات (قطعتين متجاورتين تتضمن كل منهما مدرج). حيث تم إعداد ثلاث قطع تجريبية لهذا الغرض، مساحة كلٍ منها 50م2. أظهرت النتائج انخفاض قيم معامل الجريان السطحي حوالي أربع أضعاف على الجزء من المنحدر المجهز بمدرج مقارنة بحالة "الشاهد", حيث بلغت قيمته المتوسطة خلال فترة الدراسة 7.2% للمدرج مقابل 27% للشاهد. كما تبيّنَ انخفاض كمية التربة المنجرفة خلال نفس الفترة من 79 طن/هكتار/ السنة للشاهد إلى 5.2 طن/هكتار/ السنة أسفل المدرج. أثبتت الدراسة الدور الايجابي الهام للمدرجات في حفظ التربة و المياه ضمن الموقع, عبر اعتراض مياه الجريان السطحي و الحد من الانجراف مما يوجب العمل على صيانتها و المحافظة عليها.
Terracing is one of the oldest means for saving water and soil in Syria. This study aims to evaluate the bench terraces efficiency in water and soil conservation in Salata Village (30 km southeast of Lattakia). For this purpose, runoff and soil erosion were estimated and compared between two treatments in one selected field, the first represent a part of slope without terrace "witness", the second represents terraces "two adjacent plots with terraces" Where three experimental plots, each one of 50 m2 were used for the measurement of surface runoff and sediment concentration. The study showed low values of runoff coefficient on "terraces" treatment compared to the "witness", where its average value during the study period was 7.2% for "terraces", and 27% for the "witness". As it turns out the low rate of soil loss during the same period, from 79 t/ ha/year for the "witness" to 5.2 t/ ha/yeardown the "terraces". The study confirmed the importance of terraces in water and soil conservation by limiting soil erosion and reducing surface runoff.
References used
AL ALI, Y. ; TOUMA J. ; ZANTE P. ; NASRI S. ; ALBERGEL J. Water and sediment balances of a contour bench terracing system in a semi-arid cultivated zone (El Gouazine, central Tunisia). Hydrological Sciences Journal, Vol. 53(4), 2008, 883-892
BEACH, T. ; DUNNING, N. Ancient Maya terracing and modern conservation in the Peten rain forest of Guatemala. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol. 50(2), 1995, 138-145
BARNEVELD, R. ; BRUGGEMAN, A. ; STERK, G. ;TURKELBOOM, F. Comparison of two methods for quantification of tillage erosion rates in olive orchards of North-West Syria. Soil & Tillage Research, Vol. 103(1), 2009, 105-112
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مساهمة في دراسة الوضع الراهن للمدرجات الحجرية والترابية وتقييم فعاليتها في صيانة المياه والتربة - دراسة حالة : مدرجات قرية السلاطة - اللاذقية
The study of Quaternary terraces in the south of the coastal chain, safita and Marmaritadistrict, constitute a great importance in understanding the geological and structural conditions, that prevailed in the region in that period. The rivers Abrash
andAL-Arousplayed a major role in the formation of these quaternary terraces from the lower Quaternarytill Holocene. These terraces were distributed on a narrow space and points spread over the basins of the rivers in the south of the coastal chain. The high of these terraces, between tens to hundreds meters, are a strong indicator of the advancement of theuplift movements affecting the region in recent times, compared with the uplift of that terraces of other important riverssuch the Euphrates and Nahr El-Kabir-Ash-Shemaliriver,according to thestratigraphy and lithology studies, using GPStechniques to determinethe sites high et compare these values with global data, and then appreacitethe tectonic effect on the region. A numerical model tectonicactivity– terraces uplift is proposed.
This study aimed at determining some indicators of water quality in Lattakia dams within ten years (2002-2011).The indicators(pH, Electrical conductivity,Total Hardness, ca Hardness, Mg Hardness, Alkalinity, Phenol Alkalinity) in five dams (Balloran,
16 Tishreen, Al-thawra, Al-safarkia and Al-hweez) were studied. The resultsshowed thatpH, Electrical conductivity,Total Hardness, Alkalinity, Phenol Alkalinity, were within the allowed limits according to Syrian standards for drinking and irrigation water and which indicate the presence of pollution water sources.
With the widespread of oil facilities, distribution centers of oil and oil tanks, it has become a must in this article to study the impact of these materials on the physical and mechanical properties of soils, especially at coast to avoid distortions
and changes in the properties of these soils.
We tried in this research to study Clay coastal soil. Two main samples were studied: one polluted with materials leaked from these sites and the other was not. The samples were taken from both types and transported to the laboratories of the Faculty of Civil Engineering at the University in October. In the laboratory, we conducted experiments and evaluated their results.
This research was carried out during 2014 - 2015. The research aimd to describe
some chemical characteristics of the river's water used for irrigation, chemically compare it
with the Syrian Standards Specifications in terms of salt quantity and qua
lity and Cd and B
concentrations, water samples were taken from four observation points along the river:
A (domestic), B (industrial), C (mixed) and D (estuary), also Soil samples from the river
edges were also analyzed. The findings revealed that the EC value in B was 0.61 mg/l i.e.
less than those of others, with significant difference 0.72, 0.74, 0.73 mg/l, respectively.
The study also showed a significant increase in B and C concentration by 0.48 and 0.49
mg/l, respectively, compared with A and D by 0.4 mg/l each. A significant increase in Cd
concentration was noticed for B, C and D by 0.73, 0.88 and 0.75 mg/l vs. A 0.67 mg/l.
However, Cd concentration in the river water in all seasons and sites was excessive and
higher than the permissible limit for water discharge into seas estimated at 0.05 mg/l,
whereas the other parameters were lower than the permissible limits according to the
Syrian Standards. The effect of water pollution on soil showed a significant increase in EC
for B by 1.01 dS/m than others. The increase was also more significant in subsurface layer
than surface one by 0.45 and 0.62 dS/m, respectively. In addition, the findings
demonstrated a significant increase in Cd for C (2.67 mg/kg) than other points. The
increase in Cd concentration was more significant in the surface layer (2.648 mg/kg) than
the subsurface one (2.631 mg/kg), and this concentration was lower than the normal range
of soil content from Cd (3 ppm).
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