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Studying the Effect of Soil Erosion for Eight Different Systems with Different Slopes in the Coastal Area under Forests, Burned Forest and Planted Soil System

دراسة انجراف التربة لثمانية مواقع متباعدة متباينة في درجة انحدارها في المنطقة الساحلية و تحت المنظومات الثلاث //غابات – غابات محروقة – تربة زراعية//

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 Publication date 2017
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The research was performed during the three years from 2011 in the coastal area “Lattakia and Tartous” The study of soil erosion has been traced in eight occasional sites in the coastal area, Gradient in its slope degree from 10% to 45% . the eight sites has also been studied under the three systems “Forests, burned forests , planted soil” The results shows, that the dangerous of the Water erosion in the coastal area soils especially in the slopes that is more than 15%, the drift reached scary figures that ranged between 32.5 ton/Hectares when the slope was 10%, and 165 ton/hectares when the slope was 45% in the agricultural system (Where the surface of the soil is semi-disgrace), These amounts ranged between 9 and 56.5 t / hectares/year in the burned forest system and between 1.4 and 15 t / hectares/year in the forest system. The runoff of rain water may range between 24 and 59.20 in the forest system versus 6.8 and 32.8 in the burned forest systems and, finally, between 2.9 and 16.8 in the forest system.


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Research summary
تناول البحث دراسة انجراف التربة في المنطقة الساحلية السورية (اللاذقية وطرطوس) خلال ثلاث سنوات بدءًا من عام 2011. تم اختيار ثمانية مواقع متباعدة بميول تتراوح بين 10% و45%، ودُرست تحت ثلاث منظومات: غابات، غابات محروقة، وتربة زراعية. أظهرت النتائج خطورة الانجراف المائي خاصة في الانحدارات التي تزيد عن 15%. تراوحت كميات التربة المنجرفة بين 32.5 طن/هكتار عند انحدار 10% و165 طن/هكتار عند انحدار 45% في المنظومة الزراعية، وبين 9 و56.5 طن/هكتار/سنة في منظومة الغابات المحروقة، وبين 1.4 و15 طن/هكتار/سنة في منظومة الغابات. كما تراوحت نسبة الجريان السطحي لمياه الأمطار بين 24.6% و59.2% في المنظومة الزراعية، وبين 6.8% و32.8% في منظومة الغابات المحروقة، وأخيرًا بين 2.9% و16.8% في منظومة الغابات. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن الغطاء النباتي يلعب دورًا هامًا في تقليل الانجراف المائي وزيادة تغذية المياه الجوفية، وأوصت بضرورة حماية الغابات من الحرائق والتعديات لتحسين استدامة التربة والمياه.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر الدراسة شاملة ومهمة في تسليط الضوء على مشكلة انجراف التربة في المنطقة الساحلية السورية، إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، كان من الممكن تقديم تفاصيل أكثر حول المنهجية المستخدمة في قياس الانجراف والجريان السطحي، مما يعزز من موثوقية النتائج. ثانيًا، الدراسة ركزت بشكل كبير على الجوانب الكمية للانجراف والجريان السطحي، وكان من الممكن أن تتناول أيضًا الجوانب النوعية مثل تأثير الانجراف على خصوبة التربة وجودة المياه. ثالثًا، لم تتناول الدراسة بشكل كافٍ تأثير التغيرات المناخية المستقبلية على معدلات الانجراف، وهو موضوع ذو أهمية كبيرة في ظل التغيرات المناخية الحالية. أخيرًا، كان من الممكن تقديم توصيات أكثر تفصيلية حول كيفية تنفيذ إجراءات الحماية والصيانة المقترحة، مما يعزز من تطبيق النتائج على أرض الواقع.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي المواقع التي تم دراستها في البحث؟

    تم دراسة ثمانية مواقع متباعدة في المنطقة الساحلية السورية، وهي: الصباحية، ظهر الزوبة، الشيخ حسامو، محمية الفرنلق، المقرمدة، الحمرة، الدريكيش، والقدموس.

  2. ما هي المنظومات الثلاث التي تم دراستها في البحث؟

    تم دراسة المواقع تحت ثلاث منظومات: غابات، غابات محروقة، وتربة زراعية.

  3. ما هي أعلى نسبة انجراف للتربة تم تسجيلها في الدراسة؟

    أعلى نسبة انجراف للتربة تم تسجيلها كانت 165 طن/هكتار عند انحدار 45% في المنظومة الزراعية.

  4. ما هي التوصيات الرئيسية التي خلصت إليها الدراسة؟

    أوصت الدراسة بضرورة حماية الغابات من الحرائق والتعديات، وتعزيز الغطاء النباتي للحد من الانجراف المائي وزيادة تغذية المياه الجوفية.


References used
Da Silva, M.AM.L.N.Silva, N. Curi,L.D. Norton, J.C. Avanzi, A.H. Oliveira, G.C. Lim, F.P. Leite. 2010. Water erosion modeling in a watershed under forest cultivation the USLE model. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World 1 – 6 August, Brisbane, Australia
SAAYEDRA, C. C. M. MANNAERTS. Estimating erosion in Andean catchment combining coarse and fine spatial resolution satellite imagery. 31st international symposium on remote sensing of environment, June 20-24, 2005, Saint Petersburg Russian federation
Darwish, T. M, 2005: Status of soil survey in Lebanon the need for a georefer-enced soil data base. Options mediterraneennes, Serie B,N,34
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