High Rise Buildings Precautions & Justifications & It's Specificity in Developing Countries

High rise buildings have an obvious effect on modern architecture. They raised an argumentation among various segments of society, specialists in forefront of them are architects and planners, in addition to an ordinary people. Administrative bodies and the public opinion involved many times in such matter especially in traditional character cities which have an architectural rootage. According to modern era features, high-rise buildings become a reality that couldn't be ignored worldwide, including developing countries. At the same time, it is not a destiny that couldn't be avoided, where many factors, cultural, social, economic, or technical, collectively or separately, plays a big role in adopting or avoiding such choice. Our research exposes this significant architecture subject, according to the principles and data of modern age, whereas it reviews the most important concepts and principles connected to it. Moreover, some of the most important experiments in this field are addressed through it the pros and cons that surrounded this topic especially in developing countries.

Architecture Separation from Nature During the 20th Century. Lattakia City as an example

The Human society and its development has a great link with architecture that forms a phenomenon with different objectives; the most important of these are the social ones that make what is called "the built environment" that stemmed spontaneously from its role in satisfying human needs, especially the social ones. This role was reduced at the beginnings of the pervious century and the result was a separation between architecture and its community in Lattakia city as a kind of aesthetic and sensual pollution for its buildings keeping it away from its peculiarity as a living phenomenon that is linked with its era and society. A system that moved from identifying the human architecture to strengthen the relation between humans and nature, and the relation between nature and its surrounding, the current situation and reasons that led to this separation between the urban architecture and its natural surroundings. The research concludes with recommendations and conclusions that might be a core to re-establish the relation between the architecture and surroundings through its regaining its role.

Functional Properties of Glass Curtain Walls International and Local Examples (Damascus)

The start of glass used in architecture is for decorative purposes on the walls and ceilings, then, its use developments as a transparent windows (as in Gothic architecture), up to the greenhouses. Then, the industrial revolution came to help in the emergence of large public buildings such as buildings of railways and airports through the use of wide span and large expanses of glass in the façades to enable the entry of light to dark interior spaces. Later the international style emerged, which was most of its façades of glass, and spread to all countries, and the architecture transformed under it to timelessness and nowhere architecture. The technique of glass façades developed and grownup till the Glass Curtain Walls in recent decades, but refuse fully glazed façades by architects and environmental scientists are no longer acceptable anymore, because of a deep understanding of their various functional properties, and of the evolution of new technologies that have demonstrated the positive role of Glass Curtain Wall (aesthetically, architecturally, environmentally, socially, and structurally). This article provided a brief overview on the history of the use of the glass in architecture, concept of Glass Curtain Walls, and it’s most important systems and the most important types of glass, which used in it, to give you an idea of the available options of systems and types. Then analyzed the functional properties of the Glass Curtain Wall (glass façades), through a study of international and local examples (Damascus).

Upgrading Residential Areas Adjacent to the Historical Nuclei (Bustan Al Saada Area- Hama)

This paper examines the importance of residential area adjacent to the historic nucleus of Hama city and the ongoing debate at the appropriate urban renewal method to deal with these areas. this is vital in order to improve and re-activated these areas as it is form a key element in the city center and have strong effect on historical nucleus .It will draw out, through a comparative analysis study on BUSTAN AL SAADA area in Hama, the best method (Rehabilitation and redevelopment) for treatment .the analysis process include all factors affecting the area and their impacts on its efficiency in terms of functionality and visually

Study on the rule of regulatory and institutional framework for applying urban-rural linkage strategy for regional development plan

Regional development studies focuses on management of the effects of unbalanced spatially development, which causes a failure in the relationship between cities and their neighboring rural area or hinterlands, especially ones that related to the terms of urbanization, land use conversion, and inability of national legislations to face all topics at regional and local level. so, Urban –rural linkage concept was suggested as a main strategy for comprehensive regional development plans by (UN- HABITAT) on 2003, but the effective application was linked with development of institutional performance providing appropriate regulatory tools and mechanism, action plan, and resource’s recall. This research introduces a proposal for action plan to apply urban –rural linkage, reviews the regulatory institutional frameworks in Syria, makes a recommendation to enhance and reinforcement the good part, and provides a new mechanisms for comprehensive development vision in Syria .

The local effects on the architectural characters of schools during Islamic era in Syria

The architectural character of the schools in the Islamic Ages influenced by many factors including: first cultural factors: civilizations pre-Islamic Sassanian in Iraq, Byzantine and Hellenistic in Syria. Secondly environmental factors: we mean here the climate and building materials that have affected the formations prevailing, for example covered patios prevailed in cold regions, while the open patios used in temperate and desert regions. While the availability of local building materials serve to in the adoption of a particular style building: at a time we find the prevalence of clay or earth architecture in Iraq, Stone Architecture diffused in both Egypt and Syria. Thirdly, the political factors that also play a role in shaping the schools character, where the rules effected on the architecture. So Egypt in Tulunid was affected by Iraqi architecture due to Ahmad Ibn Tulun who was the ruler from Iraqi origin. However, there were other factors which contributed to create the difference between schools building at the same time; The architecture in Egypt differ from its contemporary in Syria even it was different in the same place among cities, the architecture in Aleppo didn't like the ones in Damascus. So we wonder about the importance of the local effects on designing early schools during the Islamic era. In this paper, we will recite the evolution of Islamic school throughout history, then we'll focus on the local effects of the place such as the climate and regional building material, as well as the effective factors on the architecture characters generally, finally, we will study the character of school building in Islamic eras in order to find the most powerful factors that are affected on building schools throughout various Islamic eras.

The Domain of Al-Hal Markets in PARIS: A study in the evolution of the urban and architectural place inside the city

The area of Al-Hal Markets inside Paris has a unique status due to the relation of their parts with each other and the relation of these elements with the city and the area around it. This unique status is different from the known centers of European cities; the relation of transport networks, the change in the ground and underground itineraries, and the population’s relationship in the center of the city – in spite of their few numbers - with the visitors, arrivals, business owners or entrepreneurs are temporary within this space. All of these things and other interactions give advantages to the elements of this place which urges people in charge to think of an evolution that suits what is in this place and what it will be in the future.

Classification Criteria of rural urban settlements with nature mountainous (Villages of Al Nadara Valley as an example)

This paper aims to, in through scientific analysis mythology supported by practical samples. Knowing the used classification in the countries of the world, including the distinguish between country and city, or between rural settlements and focusing the classification that concerning the planners during establishing strategies for rural regions. This paper conclude to analyze the used classification criteria in order to reach a planning classification that could support classifying the Syrian villages which have mountainous nature, and defiantly a different classification of the usual used classification.

Open and Closed Design for Arch, Plan and their Effects on the Social Dimension in Administrative Buildings

The research presents a review and analysis of the architectural perspective on this issues with a view to making recommendations that will help produce a sense of intimacy and closeness between personnel working in administrative buildings in order to positively impact their efficiency and productivity. To support this, the researcher will present a critical and analytical study of the central administration building of Al-Baath University, since it can be considered as design product of an administrative buildings that is worthy of a profound descriptive, analytical and critical study. Finally, the research presents results and recommendations that provide employees of the administrative buildings with friendly environment that affects positively their efficiency and products.

Networks Analysis in GIS

تحليل الشبكات في أنظمة المعلومات الجغرافية ... تمثل الشبكة مجموعة من الخطوط والنقاط التي تمثل الكائنات الجغرافية المتصلة مع بعضها البعض والتي من خلالها تتحرك الموارد (سيارات , مياه , كهرباء , غاز....الخ) 1- أنظمة تدفق موجهة يتحرك التدفق من المصادر إلى المصارف الموارد لا تملك القدرة على اتخاذ قرارات المسير (على سبيل المثال، نظام النهر) 2- أنظمة تدفق غير موجهة النظام لا يتحكم بشكل كامل بعملية التدفق الموارد تملك القدرة على اتخاذ قرارات المسير الخاصة بها (على سبيل المثال، نظام السير)