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Register a new userEstimation of heterosis and parents genetic behavior in some Sorghum hybrids utilizing cytoplasmic male sterility technique
تقدير قوة الهجين و سلوكية الآباء لدى بعض هجن الذرة البيضاء الناتجة عن تقانة العقم الذكري السيتوبلاسمي لصفتي الباكورية و الإنتاجية
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2003
fields
Agricultural Engineering
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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نفذت هذه الدراسة في هيئة البحوث العلمية الزراعية قسم الذرة خلال عامي 2000-2001 لتقدير قوة الهجين لبعض هجن الذرة البيضاء الناتجة عن استخدام تقانة العقم الذكري السيتوبلاسمي لصفتي الباكورية و الإنتاجية، و تحديد الآباء المستعملة في التهجين من حيث علاقتها بالعقم الذكري السيتوبلاسمي. تمت عملية التهجين بين 62 سلالة و صنفًا مثّلت (R,B,A) ثم زرعت الهجن الناتجة في ، تجربة وفقًا لتصميم القطاعات كاملة العشوائية RCBD ضمت 43 هجينًا موزعة على مكررين. أظهرت نتائج البحث اختلاف الآباء فيما بينها في الصفات المدروسة، و بخاصة أنها مختارة من مناطق بيئية مختلفة، و متباعدة عن بعضها وراثيًا. كما أظهرت النتائج أن قوة الهجين الإيجابية حصل عليها من تصالب الآباء الأجنبية مع المحلية، أو الأجنبية مع الأجنبية، حيث أبدت درجة من الباكورية عن آبائها، و قيمة إيجابية لقوة الهجين بالنسبة لصفة الإنتاجية لتلك الهجن. و حددت السلوكية الوراثية للأب المذكر بالرمز (R) كمعيد لخصوبة الأمهات العقيمة، في حين آباء بقية الهجن كان لها الرمز (B) في تصالبها مع سلالات الأمهات، التي تفيد في المحافظة على السلالات العقيمة.
This study was conducted at the General Commission Of Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) for tow consecutive years, 2000-2001, to estimate the heterosis of some sorghum hybrids utilizing cytoplasmic male sterility technique, and to determine the behavior of the parents used in hybridization concerning their relation to the cytoplasmic male sterility. Hybrids were planted in a randomized complete block design, including 43 hybrids in tow replications. The results showed variation among parents characters, because they were selected from different environments and also differ in genetic components. positive heterosis was recorded form crosses involved foreign parents with local ones, or foreign hybridized with foreign. positive heterotic values for earliness and productivity were obtained . The genetic constitution of the male parent was assessed as R-line (restoring of the A-line), and B-line (maintainer of the A-line).
References used
(Aekatasanawan, C.; Jampatong, S.; Aekatasanawan, C. (1995). Research and development of a non-detasseled baby corn variety, 474p.194-201. Univ. Bangkok (Thailand
Ahnert, D.; Lee, M.; Austin, D.F.; Livini, C.; Woodman, W.L.; Openshaw, S.J.; Smith, J.S.C.; Porter, K.; Dalton, G. (1996). Gentic diversity among elite Sorghum inbred lines assessed with DNA markers and pedigree information. Crop Science (USA). (Sep-Oct1996). V. 36(5) p.1385-1392
Ahuja, V.P. and Mukherjee, B.K. (1988). Estimation of heterosis Parameters for yield and its components in maize. Annuals of Agric. Res. V. 9(1) p. 124- 128 [En, 19 ref.] Div. Genet. Indian Agric. Res. Inst. New Delhi 110012, India
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The research was conducted at Al-Jmmaseh station – the Agricultural Research Center in Tartous- to estimate heterosis, combining ability of yield and some fruit traits. Fifteen hybrids were produced by half diallel crossing method in 2013. These
were evaluated in 2014. Most hybrids were characterized by highly significant heterosis values for all the studied traits compared with mid parents and better parents. Heterosis reached (87.76, 50.13)% for yield per plant, (71.44, 43.09)% for average of fruit weight, (19.67, 12.31)% for fruit length, (38.21, 21.43)% for fruit diameter, and (32.5, 20.46)% for number of locules per fruit in comparison with mid parents and better parents respectively.
The best hybrids were: (Ou×H) (Ou×W) (Or×H) and maybe they could be promising hybrids if they had superiority in other important traits. Variance due to general and specific combining ability were highly significant for all traits. This ensured that both types of genetic action (additive and non-additive) controlled the inheritance of these traits. σ2GCA/σ2SCA ratio of the additive genetic action overcame the one of non-additive cation in these traits: number of locules per fruit, average of fruit weight and fruit diameter, while the non-additive genetic action was superior in fruit length and total yield.
This study was carried out during 2010-2011 growing seasons at the
Maize Researches Department (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus. To estimate
heterosis for number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter, 100- kernel
weight, and grain yield.
This study was conducted at the of field research station Sianow belong to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research at Lattakia, to evaluate the susceptibility of maize hybrids produced by using half Diallel the cross according to
the design ofrandomized completeblocks (R.C.B.D), under industrial infection by large corn stem borer Sesamia cretica. Hybrids were compared with the control (Ghouta- 82). The hybrid (P1 × P2) Showed positive and highly significantheterosis for Ear diameter and tolerance forlarge corn stem borer compared with the average of the parents and the best parents and the check (Ghouta- 82). The hybrid (P2 × P6) showed positive and highly significant heterosis for the number of kernels per row compared with the average of the parents and the best parents and the check (Ghouta- 82). Also the hybrid (P1 × P6) showed positive and highly significant heterosis for the number of kernels per row relative to the average of the parents and the best parents and the check (Ghouta- 82). hybrid (P4 × P6) showed positive and highly significant heterosis for the recipe grain yield compared with the average of the parents and the best parents and the check (Ghouta- 82). The hybrid(P5 × P6) also showed positive and highly significant heterosis for the Percentage of dead hearts of the developing summit compared with the average of the parents and the best parents, and compared with the check (Ghouta- 82), therefore it can be considered as a sensitive hybrid.
Heritability and genetic advance of some grain yield components and some
morpho-physiological traits in 36 sorghum hybrids [Sorghum bicolor L.
Moench] produced by top-cross using cytoplasmic male sterility were
estimated.
Narrow-sense heritabilit
y for plant height and head length were relatively
high in Damascus location (65% and 56%) respectively, but the narrow-sense
heritability of all characters in Raqqa location were low, the range was from
3% for threshing percentage to 34% for plant height, and from 22% for seed
weight/head to 60% for plant height in the combined analysis.
Genetic advance estimates were relatively low for all characters, the range
was from 0% for 100 seed weight to 28.3% for plant height (Damascus
location), and from 0.02% for seed numbers/head to 15.2% for plant height
(Raqqa location), and from 5.8% for the number of days to flowering to 26.5%
for plant height (combined analysis).
Some characters such as plant height and head length showed relatively
high values of heritability, but exhibited low values of genetic advance.
Therefore other characters had low heritability coupled with low values of
genetic advance indicated predominance of non-additive gene action. This
result implies the need for several generations of selection to improve grain
yield components and other traits.
This study was carried out through the cooperation between the Faculty of
Agriculture Tishreen University and the General Commission of Agricultural Scientific
Researches in Hama during 2013 and 2014 successive seasons.
Eight soft wheat(Triticumae
stivum)genotypes were crossed using half diallel method
.The(28) crosses were grown along with their parents in randomized complete block with
three replications to estimate general combiningability , specific combining ability, and
both mid and high parent heterosis for number of spikes /plant , number of grains /spike ,
thousand grain weight and grain yield.
The results indicated that both additive and non- additive types of gene action were
important in the inheritance of traits under study with preponderance of additive gene
effects for number of grains /spike and thousand grain weight,Non – additive gene effects
were pronounced in the inheritance of number of spikes /plant and grain yield.
High general combiners for thesecharacters were obtained and the most important
parents were: Bohouth 4- Douma 44828-Acsad1115- Golan2.
Many positive specific combiners having both mid and high parent heterosis and
derived from positive general combiners were obtained such as(Golan2×Cham10) –
(Acsad1115×Douma4)(Douma44828×Golan2) and (Douma 2×Golan2).
Results also indicated that some hybrids: (Douma44828×Golan2) (Bohouth6×Douma4)
(Douma44828×Cham10) (Douma2×Acsad1115) had heterosis compared to higher parent
for number of spikes /plant , number of grains / spike , Thousand grain weight and grain
yield..
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