Scientists nowadays increased their interest in artificial intelligence because
of the rapid development in the modern age. This development increased
the complexity of systems in order to consent society rapid needs in getting
systems of better r
eliability and high performance.
Artificial Intelligence solved many difficult and sticky problems.
We are going to define the genetic algorithms(GA) which is one of the
artificial intelligence branch because of its ability to solve many complex
problems in Different scientific aspects either in computer science[8] or
operational research and image processing[7] or social science[9].
In this essay, we used GA to find the maximum value of continuous function
within a limited rang to study the effect of some of the most important GA
parameters on the performance and accuracy of the results. We noticed the
effects of probability of mutation, population size and the number of the
repeated operations on the results accuracy and execution time in choosing
the Roulette Wheel Selection procedure. After that, we compare
between the Roulette Wheel procedure and the Elitism Selection procedure.
Twenty four genotypes were tested for grain yield in four diverse locations
over two seasons i.e. 2005-06 and 2006-07. The genetic material contained 19
promising lines and five checks representing the local and improved cultivars
for Zoon B (250-
350 mm/year) in Syria. The results showed the significant role
of the genotype by environment interaction of crossover type in the
performance of the genotypes studied and their ranking across test
environments.
The largest portion of the variance due to GE interaction was
attributed to genotype by season GS and Genotype by location by season GLS
interactions which revealed the importance of selection for yield stability in
addition to average yield across environments.
Heritability and genetic advance of some grain yield components and some
morpho-physiological traits in 36 sorghum hybrids [Sorghum bicolor L.
Moench] produced by top-cross using cytoplasmic male sterility were
estimated.
Narrow-sense heritabilit
y for plant height and head length were relatively
high in Damascus location (65% and 56%) respectively, but the narrow-sense
heritability of all characters in Raqqa location were low, the range was from
3% for threshing percentage to 34% for plant height, and from 22% for seed
weight/head to 60% for plant height in the combined analysis.
Genetic advance estimates were relatively low for all characters, the range
was from 0% for 100 seed weight to 28.3% for plant height (Damascus
location), and from 0.02% for seed numbers/head to 15.2% for plant height
(Raqqa location), and from 5.8% for the number of days to flowering to 26.5%
for plant height (combined analysis).
Some characters such as plant height and head length showed relatively
high values of heritability, but exhibited low values of genetic advance.
Therefore other characters had low heritability coupled with low values of
genetic advance indicated predominance of non-additive gene action. This
result implies the need for several generations of selection to improve grain
yield components and other traits.
It is well understood that the productivity and thus the final yield of a crop
are the result of several interacted factors, which have different effects on yield.
This requires the determination of all factors affecting yield or other traits, the
relationships among these factors, the value of correlation coefficient and the
degree to which yield is affected by each of these factors.
