Effect of mixing mineral oil with the fungicides fenarimol, triflumizol, and triadiminol to control powdery mildew of tomato in greenhouse

Three systemic fungicides fenarimol, triflumizol, and triadimenol were used (mixed with mineral oil at 300 ml/100 L water or not) to evaluate the effects on powdery mildew of tomato in greenhouse. Results showed important role of mineral oil in inhancing the studied fungicides's effects by decreasing infection percentage and severity of the disease if the recommended doses are used or half of them. when these fungicides were used in low rates (50% of the recommended doses without mineral oil) infection percentage after a mounth of treating were 65.2 - 75.7% and severity 62.7 – 77.3% wherease when the fungicides were used with oil the infection percentage were decreased to 44.5 - 48.6% and severity to 16.9 – 45.8%

The impact of Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll. and Phytomyza orobanchia Kalt. in some phenological parameters of Orobanche ramosa L. in tomato fields

The impact of larvae feeding of of the agromyzid fly (Phytomyza orobanchia Kalt., and curculionid weevil (Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll.), inside shoots and seed capsules of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) which infested tomato, in some phenological parameters: shoot length, number capsules/shoot, wet and dry weight of shoot, were determined. The results indicate to the efficacy of larvae feeding in reduction of O. ramosa bio-mass, it caused significant reduction in the values of all studied parameters, of infested branched broomrape plants in comparison to healthy ones, While the mixed infestation of the both insects caused higher reduction in the values of these parameters, with high significant differences in: shoot length, number capsules/ shoot, and wet weight of infested shoot, in comparison with healthy ones. the reduction rate which resulted from mixed infestation reached to 55.5%, 58.8%, 76.7%, 57.2% for shoot length, number capsules/ shoot, wet weight and dry weigh respectively. The results indicate to the potential role of P. orobanchia and S. cyaneus in reduction the density of O. ramosa in tomato fields, at the Syrian coastal region.

Estimation of Heterosis and combining ability for yield and some fruit traits in tomato hybrids (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill.)

The research was conducted at Al-Jmmaseh station – the Agricultural Research Center in Tartous- to estimate heterosis, combining ability of yield and some fruit traits. Fifteen hybrids were produced by half diallel crossing method in 2013. These were evaluated in 2014. Most hybrids were characterized by highly significant heterosis values for all the studied traits compared with mid parents and better parents. Heterosis reached (87.76, 50.13)% for yield per plant, (71.44, 43.09)% for average of fruit weight, (19.67, 12.31)% for fruit length, (38.21, 21.43)% for fruit diameter, and (32.5, 20.46)% for number of locules per fruit in comparison with mid parents and better parents respectively. The best hybrids were: (Ou×H) (Ou×W) (Or×H) and maybe they could be promising hybrids if they had superiority in other important traits. Variance due to general and specific combining ability were highly significant for all traits. This ensured that both types of genetic action (additive and non-additive) controlled the inheritance of these traits. σ2GCA/σ2SCA ratio of the additive genetic action overcame the one of non-additive cation in these traits: number of locules per fruit, average of fruit weight and fruit diameter, while the non-additive genetic action was superior in fruit length and total yield.

Effect of irrigation method on growth and productivity of Tomato (Lycopersicon escolentum Mill) in plastic greenhouse

The experiment was carried out during2013-2014 Miaar Shaker village (Tartous) to determine the best method of irrigation on growth and productivity of Tomato plant in plastic green-house. Three method of irrigation were used in the experiment :(furrow surface , surface drip and subsurface drip irrigation). Growth of plants, productivity and fruit quality were studies. The results showed that surface and subsurface drip irrigation give more plant growth (leaves number and leaves area) more flowering and fruit production as compared with furrow irrigation method .The leaves number and leaves area in plant with surface drip irrigation was 31.49 leaves and 17078/plant while these number reached only to 22.91 leaves and 7057.86/plant in the furrow irrigation with significant difference . The productivity of plants was also higher in surface drip irrigation method(4.75 kg/ plant) without significant difference as compared with subsurface irrigation method and with significant difference as compared with furrow irrigation method (3.95 kg/ plant). The quality of fruits was better in surface drip irrigation (8.28% dry material ,5.02% TSS and 28.23mg vitamin c /100g) in fresh matter while these number were 7.18%, 4.98% and 20.96 mg/100g in furrow . The irrigation method haven't affect in the: plant length ,and acidity percentage.

Influence of mineral oil mixing with the fungicides Flint or Trifmine on tomato yield properties in greenhouse

To evaluate the effects of summer mineral oil which were mixed with tow systemic commercial fungicides Flint and Trifmine on some tomato yield properties in Syrian coast greenhouse conditions, the tow fungicides were supplied at the recommended doses (mixed with mineral oil or not), the results showed no negative effctes on the plant flowers, fruits, fruit's weight through the study; there were 71.0-75.0 fruits on each plant and fruit's weight was 75.3-87.2 g/one fruit in treatments which fungicides were not mixed with mineral oil, 69.1-76.4 fruits on each plant, 74.8-81.2 g/one fruit in treatments which fungicides were mixed, compairing with 62.2 fruits/plant in control, 87.6 g/fruit in control, differences were not significant.

The Effect of Potato Y Virusand Cucumber Mosaic Viruson the Growthof Tomato in Greenhouses

This research aimsto study the effect of single and mixed infection of Potato Y Virus (PVY) and Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) on the number of leaves, number of branches, plant height and stem circumference of tomato plants (cv.Elegro and Local). The experiment was carried out in 2012 in a greenhouse in Tartous. Results show that the interactions in both varieties to virus infections are different. The mixed infections cause slight and weak effects compared to single infections. This is probably due to the antagonistic relationship between Potato Y virus and Cucumber mosaic virus and their effects on mean number of leaves, mean number of branches, mean height of plants, and mean stem circumference. Tomato plants' stems were (Elegro 106.42, 16.75, 103.58 cm, 4.84cm.; Local 94.42,15, 87.17 cm, 4.59 cm, respectively). Consequently, the timing of mixed infection playsarole in appearance, development and effect on other viruses.

Study of the effect of using bumblebees and organic carbon in improving fruit set and yield of tomato under green house

The experiment was carried out at Jableh region during 2012-2013 in two green houses to study the effects of using the bumble bees and organic carbon to improve flower set and yield of tomato hybrid Dalloula . The experiment included three treatments : natural pollination (control) ,flowers pollination by organic carbon, and flowers pollination by bumble bees . The first and second treatments were applied in the first green house , and the third treatment was applied in the second green house . Results showed that the bumble bees treatment produced significantly the highest percentage of flower set and yield than the other treatments . Flower set of tomato over 10 clusters was 89.8% , 83.7% , 39.2% for bumble bees treatment, organic carbon treatment, and control , respectively. The highest yield (22 kg/m2)was obtained from bumble bees treatment . Flowers pollinated by bumble bees gave fruits that looked better in shape , size and color ,and with higher weights . In the bumble bee pollinated flowers , the quality of fruits was superior for vitamin C , sugar and acidity .

Design and test models the sufficiency of two savers can be used for preservation the tomatoes

The research aims to optimize the investment in solar cooling process using two models of vessels (clay- mineral).The study was conducted at the site of Tartous in the month (the fourth - fifth - sixth) years (2013) and that the fruits of the tomato study, she stated that the pottery is causing a drop in temperature between )4-6( degrees Celsius, and that the metal causes the low temperature range between (3-5 ) degrees Celsius although the fruits of tomatoes preserved pottery vessels have not undergone any damage of its structure or texture during the period of conservation (27 days) compared to the control which is exposed to damage during the (12 days) .

The Effect of NaCl Salinity on Germination, Growth of Tomato Sprit and ES-30502 Rootstocks, and Nutrient Acquisition in Nutrient Culture

This study aim at investigating the tolerance of two tomato rootstock (Sprit and ES- 30502) widely speared in Syria and used for crafting some tomato hybrids grown in green houses for different salinity levels (0- 25- 50- 75- 100- 150 mM NaCl). The results show that the germination of rootstock Sprit seeds was not influenced by high salinity 150 mM despite a delay of 1-2 days compared with the control. A reduction of 15% was observed in the rootstock ES-30502 at 100 and 150 mM NaCl salinity levels, in addition to slower percentage rate of germination. In contrast, the effect of salinity on the development of the radical and rootlet was more pronounced in Sprit compared to ES- 30502. Salinity decreased the growth of both shoots and roots, and also decreased nutrient acquisition in both rootstocks, but to a lesser degree in ES-30502. The uptake of K was not greatly affected and concentrations in shoot remained normal. The concentrations of Ca and Mg were also not affected by salinity. The most pronounced effect of salinity was on nitrogen effect (NO3) which was reduced greatly in both rootstocks. This was accompanied by accumulation of free NO3 ions in the shoot tissue (58 and 45 % of total N uptake at salinity level of 150 mM). It is most likely that toxicity of Na and Cl ions, and consequent osmotic changes in cell tissue led to slower nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and accumulation of NO3.

Isolating and Identifying Root-Fungi (Mycorrhiza) Symbiotic with Tomato in the Syrian Coast

The objective of this study is to identify some species of mycorrhizal fungi coexisting with tomato roots in the Syrian coast. Samples were collected from five sites in two different regions: Lattakia (sites: Siano and ALbrjan) and Tartous (sites: Majdalon Elbahr, Mayaar Shaker and Hrysoon). Four samples of soil and tomato roots were collected from each site and mixed together to form a composite sample/site. Morphological characterization of isolated fungi was based on universally adopted taxonomic keys, and on the classification keys approved by the Plant Protection Research Institute of Iran. Six types of mycorrhizal fungi belonging to 5 species were identified in the different sites. Paraglomus laccaltum was present in one site (Siano), Septoglomus constrictum was isolated from 2 sites (Mayaar Shaker and Majdalon Elbahr), Claroideoglomus etunicatum was also isolated from 2 sites (Mayaar Shaker and Siano), Simiglomus hoi was present in 3 sites (Siano, Majdalon Elbahr and ALbrjan), Glomus fasciculatum was present in four sites (Siano, Mayaar Shaker, ALbrjan and Hrysoon) and Glomus clarum was present in four sites (Hrysoon, Siano, Mayaar Shaker, and Majdalon Elbahr).