الانعكاسية و الاختبارات الاتصالية من مجالات الاختبارات ذات التأثير المباشر في جودة العملية التعليمية، و هو ما جعل المختصين في مجال الاختبارات و القياس و التقييم يولونهما اهتماما بالغاً في العقد الأخير، غير أن المكتبة العربية تفتقر لبيان أدوارهما الحيوية، و أهمية توظيفهما لتطوير الممارسات التربوية نوعياً في الوطن العربي. ذلك كان الحافز على نشر هذه الدراسة بهدف جذب نظر المعنيين بالتعليم و راسمي السياسة التعليمية إلى دورهما في إصلاح منظومة المناهج. و منهجية الدراسة الحالية نزعت للجوانب التطبيقية أكثر من الفلسفية مع سهولة الطرح، و تقديم النماذج و الأمثلة.
Washback and commutative testing possess direct impact on the
outcome quality of education. They have, therefore, been looked at
thoughtfully by specialists in the field of testing, measurement and
assessment in the last decade. The Arabic library, however, lacks
materials on those two themes, which was the objective behind
publishing this paper in one of Arabic periodicals, with the goal to draw
the attention of stakeholders and policy makers to the influence of
washback and commutative testing possess on the curriculum. The
methodology of the current paper tends to focus on applied perspectives
with simplicity and illustration of models and examples.
References used
Addamigh, Khalid. (2003). EFL Multiple-Choice Vocabulary Test-Taking Strategies and Construct Validity. Unpublished PhD thesis, England: University of Essex, Language and Linguistics department
Alderson, J. C. (2004). Foreword. In L. Cheng, Y. Watanabe, & A. Curtis, (Eds.) Washback in language testing: Research contexts and methods. (pp. ix-xii). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Brown, J. and T. Hudson (2002). Criterion-Referenced Language Testing . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
The Quranic text, through being a divine message, formed a messaging structure according to communication rules so it talked and contacted the other and got a great deal of study and analysis. So scientists and researchers, veterans and contemporary,
This study aimed to evaluate the training programs that implemented by ministry of Administrative Development in Syria, and their relation with competencies levels through the study of trainee’s points of views. this study was conducted using the fou
The aim of this study was to identify the level of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, and organizational effectiveness. The study examines the effect of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Organizational
The efforts of the software developer teams are focused on conducting tests to detect different types of errors in a systematic way, with the least amount of cost, time and effort.
This research has targeted to present Al Waqf fact which is
legislated by Islam and stating its legal judgment along with
evidences, as well as this research has presented Al Waqf role in
prospering the Educational & scientific movement in Palesti