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Register a new userForeign Military Bases and humanitarian rights after September 11th attacks with A special reference to Guantanamo Base
القواعد العسكرية الأجنبية و الحقوق الإنسانية بعد أحداث 11 /سبتمبر/أيلول/ 2001 مع إشارة خاصة إلى قاعدة غوانتنامو
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2009
fields
Law
and research's language is
العربية
Authors
علي قلعه جي( باحث )
Created by
Shamra Editor
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بعد أحداث / 11 / سبتمبر التي تعرضت لها الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، شنت ما أسمته الحرب على الإرهاب و استخدمت الوسائل المشروعة و غير المشروعة في هذه الحرب، و من أهمها القواعد العسكرية؛ و هذا يمثل وجه استخدام عسكرياً لها. كذلك استخدمتها كمعتقلات و مكاناً لإجراء المحاكمات العسكرية. و هذا ثابت بالتقارير الدولية للمنظمات الدولية الحكومية و غير الحكومية. و لعل من أهم القواعد العسكرية الأجنبية التي استخدمتها الولايات المتحدة في حربها على الارهاب في أفغانستان قاعدة غوانتانامو الكوبية التي تأتي في المركز الأول، فضلاً عن القواعد العسكرية الأخرى المنتشرة في العالم مثل بارغرام في أفغانستان. مما أهلها لأن تقوم بنشاطات تتجاوز مهامها التقليدية العسكرية من خلال تحولها إلى محطات شهدت العديد من التجاوزات القانونية المخالفة للقانون الدولي لحقوق الإنسان و القانون الدولي الإنساني . إن تحول القواعد العسكرية إلى مراكز اعتقال و تعذيب جعلها تشهد انتهاكات خطيرة لحقوق المعتقلين في القانون الدولي من جراء عقد المحاكمات العسكرية لهؤلاء المعتقلين و حرمانهم من أبسط الحقوق المعترف بها لهم. و هذا الوضع للمعتقلين كان محل انتقاد من المجتمع الدولي المنظمات الدولية العالمية و الإقليمية، الأمر الذي دفع الإدارة الجديدة لأمريكا إلى إصدار قرار بإغلاق معتقل غوانتانامو.
After September 11th attacks, the USA launched its so called war on terrorism using a number of legal and illegal means. Governmental and non-governmental reports of international organizations have indicated that American military bases have been used as incarceration and military court sites. Guantanamo is one of the most important American military base used in the war against terrorism. Other military bases throughout the world, such as Bagram base in Afghanistan, have been used for activities which exceed their traditional military objectives. These bases have experienced violations of human rights and international humanitarian laws. Military bases have been converted into incarceration and torture centerswhich witness serious violations of the international rights of prisoners. Prisoners have been deprived of their simplest legitimate rights. Such violations have been criticized by a number of regional and international organizations, which pressured the American government to announce its decision to close Guantanamo.
References used
الأستاذ الدكتور المرحوم صلاح الدين عامر التفرقة بين المقاتلين و غير المقاتلين في دراسات القانون الدولي الإنساني – دار المستقبل العربي عام 2000
اتفاقية جنيف الثالثة
الأستاذ الدكتور محمود مرشحة الوجيز في القانون الدولي العام (منشورات جامعة حلب طبعة عام 2004
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the role of international terrorism on investment movement in syria and Jordan (2001-
2015), The study sought to solve the research problem related to the relationship between
the phenomenon of terrorism and the FDI movement in the Syrian Arab Repu
blic and the
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan during the period 2001-2015, using several approaches. On
the other hand, in an attempt to read the variables of study over time based on indicators of
terrorism and indicators of investment, these indicators are determined by Pearson
correlation coefficient, which reveals the direction and degree of relationship between
variables. The study concluded that there is a correlative relationship between terrorism
and foreign investment. This relationship is negative, ie, the higher the rate of terrorist
operations, the lower the foreign direct investment. The researcher concluded that
investment in the Arab countries is one of the most flagrant countries affected by terrorist
operations.
The modern concepts of human rights crystallized after the world war It (1939 – 1945).After
the war put its heavy load, the independent countries established the united Nations organization.
This organization issued its charter which became one of
the first documents of the
international human rights. The charter stated the promotion of respecting human rights and the
basic freedoms of all people without any discrimination because of gender, language or religion,
and no difference between men and women. And since the charter lacked a list which deals in
detail with the human rights, the united Nations issued the international announcement of the
human rights on 10th December, 1948, which included the main principles of civilian, political,
economic, social and cultural rights as well as individual freedoms.
The reinforcement of the role of the united nations in preserving human rights came through
the adoption of the international treaty of civil and political rights and the international treaty of
economic, social and cultural rights in the year 1966. Those treaties provided the cover and the
legal protection for a lot of rights which the international declaration of the human rights stated.
Since then, many other treaties adopted different cases such as the treatment of prisoners, the
situation of refugees, women rights and children rights.
The application of the rules of the international law can be specified on both the internal
national level and the international level through the work and the mutual effect from countries and
with the help of national and international procedures. It is necessary that this is done through
modifying these rules according to the national law that is applied in each country. The application
of the legal rule in the national law plays a crucial role in applying the international rule in the field
of human rights. In order to comply with the international criterion of human rights, it is necessary
for the Arab countries to ratify the basic agreements of human rights, taking into consideration the
peculiarity of the history of the development of each country. These purposes should help in the
activity of the international and social organizations of human rights.
We propose a multi-task, probabilistic approach to facilitate distantly supervised relation extraction by bringing closer the representations of sentences that contain the same Knowledge Base pairs. To achieve this, we bias the latent space of senten
ces via a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) that is trained jointly with a relation classifier. The latent code guides the pair representations and influences sentence reconstruction. Experimental results on two datasets created via distant supervision indicate that multi-task learning results in performance benefits. Additional exploration of employing Knowledge Base priors into theVAE reveals that the sentence space can be shifted towards that of the Knowledge Base, offering interpretability and further improving results.
According to the importance of professional preparation of libraries and information, specialists in the field of improve the profession. The researcher conducted this study to recognize the reality of libraries and information education in Damascus
University, which involves first-level university degree and high-level university degree (diploma- master-doctorate). The study contains the emergence and evolution of libraries and information education, recognizes study system and time period required to get the certificates, recognizes courses and analyze them, recognizes teachers and facilities and gives suggestions to develop libraries and information education. To achieve goals of study, the researcher used case study method as the best method in this situation. Data have been collected by a survey distributed to higher education students. Results came to adopt models to build, analyze, and evaluate courses and also to recognize the most important points of strength and weakness in libraries and information education in Damascus University. In addition of satisfaction degree of higher education students about the whole specialization.
we have examined the basic rights of the taxpayer, the
most important of which is the right to tax information and the right
to tax dispute, both administrative and judicial. In addition, we
discussed the rights of the personal taxpayer and the most important
applications of these rights.
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