Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userThe impact of nomads and bandits on trade in the Levant (1215-1337H/1800-1918AD)
اثر البدو و قطاع الطرق على التجارة في بلاد الشام (1215ه ـ1337هـ /1800م ـ1918م)
1543
0 109
0
(
0
)
Authors
مازن البودي( باحث )
Created by
Shamra Editor
Ask ChatGPT about the research
تناول هذا البحث اهمية التجارة في بلاد الشام، من خلال الموقع الهام الذي انتج مدنا تجارية بارزة، و تطرق لمدى تأثير البدو سلبا و ايجابا في حركة التجارة، و خطورتهم على حركة البضائع و سمعة الدولة. و أثر قطاع الطرق من خلال الضرر الذي يلحقونه بالتجارة مستغلين الطبيعة الجغرافية لبلاد الشام.
This research deals with the importance of trade in the Levant, through the site, which produced the important commercial cities prominent, and displays the influence of Bedouin negatively and positively in the movement of trade and the danger to the movement of goods and the reputation of the state. And the impact of the road sector and the damage toll they trade, taking advantage of the geographical nature of the Levant.
References used
ابو فخر، فندي: تاريخ لواء حوران الاجتماعي السويداء درعا القنيطرة عجلون " 1840 1918 دمشق، 1999
ابي راشد، حنا، جبل الدروز، مكتبة زيدان العمومية، مصر، 1925 م.
اوزتونا، يلماظ، تاريخ الدولة العثمانية، تر. عدنان سلمان، جزءان، منشورات مؤسسة فيصل، استانبول، 1988
rate research
Read More
Murals are one of the techniques of delineation, which was influenced by Hantine
and Sassanian in fluencies. They been their independence in the Umayyad period to
maturity in the Abbasid era.
The Levant was one of the centers of creativity for the
se drawings implemented
in a mosaic and frisco. The drawing are important documents in history,arecord of daily
life and evidence of settlement.to know the properties of the wall paintings, it is necessary
to study the drawings which were implemented in the mosaic and in Frisco. There fore, the
focus was on important bulding that included the drawing in mosaic such as the Dome the
Rock and theUmayyad mosquen and the khirbat al-mfjar palace. And the drawing in frisco
such as Omra palase and palase of western Hier.
Training data for machine translation (MT) is often sourced from a multitude of large corpora that are multi-faceted in nature, e.g. containing contents from multiple domains or different levels of quality or complexity. Naturally, these facets do no
t occur with equal frequency, nor are they equally important for the test scenario at hand. In this work, we propose to optimize this balance jointly with MT model parameters to relieve system developers from manual schedule design. A multi-armed bandit is trained to dynamically choose between facets in a way that is most beneficial for the MT system. We evaluate it on three different multi-facet applications: balancing translationese and natural training data, or data from multiple domains or multiple language pairs. We find that bandit learning leads to competitive MT systems across tasks, and our analysis provides insights into its learned strategies and the underlying data sets.
During the Abbasid era , the second half of 5th century AH – 11th century A D , the levant
,which turned to a chessboard governed by conflicting states, suffered from crawling of Seljuk
empire. This situations accompanied by the death of Fatimid ca
lipha ( Al-mustansir) (487 AH-1094
AD). And as a sequence, the Ismaili cult splitted to Mustaali and Nizari. Nizariyya , which centered
in Alamut castle, north of Persia, since 448 AH/ 1095 AD, worked to establish a state in the levant.
At 535 AH/1141 AD , they bring to life a series of castlesm, named ( qelaa Alfdaoyah) ,
which continued alive over 130 years , depending on creating a balance between conflicting parties
of Zangid Ayyubids with the Franks .When the unification of the levant and Egypt was done, under
control of Mamluk , foundations of Alfdaoyah were undermined as a result. But despite its
disappearance from political theatre , their castles and remains are still a witness to their
excellence.
The research centers around the conflict between the Ayyubid and Romanians
Seljuks in the Levant. the causes behind these conflicts were mainly personal reasons and
ambitions of expansion began in the reign of Alsultanyen Saladin and Kilij Arslan I
I
Seljuk, when Arslan wanted to expand to south and included both Kisom and Raban forts.
so the relationship between the two parties tensed and continued like that to the end of the
two Sultans' eras. the relationship between the two countries wasn't even better after their
death,too. tensions continued in the era of Aladel Ayoubi and Ghayath KaiKhosrow Seljuk
and this conflict attracted several alliances which did not produce any result but deepening
the disagreements and exhausting these alliances forces.
Then the modern research talked about Seljuk Sultan Rukn al-Din KayKāvus's
desire to seize Aleppo, his excuse was that the city had been under control of his ancestors.
In this context, he made a contact with ALafdal Ayyubid and added him to his army
because he knew the benefit he would obtain by one of the Ayyubid princes being on his
side, but the Ayyubid were able to stand up to him and force him to withdraw. the
relationship between the two parties continued to be tense till the Seljuk Sultan Rukn al-
Din died, then Alaa Aldeen Keykubad took over his place and set his eyes on Armenia
Minor to dominate it so he concluded a peace with the Ayyubid and married the king
Aladel Ayoub's daughter to make the relationship between them stronger.
This research deals with the issue of consuls in the Levant in the last decades of the
Ottoman Empire, by trying to understand the meaning of the work of the consuls, and the
atmosphere that accompanied the entry into Damascus, and methods of appoi
ntment, and
then the differences among them the hope of obtaining the largest share of the bounties of
the Sultanate. The research indicates agents’ consuls and their escorts from the people of
the Sultanate, and trying to understand the relationship between the consuls, governors and
overlap, and their role in public life and exceeded their powers, and most of all looking for
the role of consuls in the conduct of trade movement and control in the Levant from ports
to markets.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
