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Register a new userConsuls under the Ottoman Empire and their role in the Levant D1831- D1914 ، H 1247 H1333
القناصل في ظل الدولة العثمانية و دورهم في بلاد الشام 1247ه ــ 1333ه ، 1831م ــ 1914م
2004
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Authors
مازن البودي( باحث )
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يتناول البحث مسألة القناصل في بلاد الشام في العقود الاخيرة من عمر السلطنة العثمانية، من خلال محاولة فهم معنى عمل القناصل، و الأجواء التي رافقت دخولهم الى دمشق، و طرق تعيينهم، و من ثم صداماتهم فيما بينهم طمعا بالحصول على الحصة الاكبر من خيرات السلطنة، و يشير البحث الى وكلاء القناصل و مرافقيهم من أهالي السلطنة، و يحاول فهم العلاقة بين القناصل و الولاة و تداخلها، و دورهم في الحياة العامة و تجاوز صلاحياتهم، و الأهم من ذلك كله يبحث عن دور القناصل في تسيير الحركة التجارية و التحكم بها في بلاد الشام من المرافئ الى الأسواق.
This research deals with the issue of consuls in the Levant in the last decades of the Ottoman Empire, by trying to understand the meaning of the work of the consuls, and the atmosphere that accompanied the entry into Damascus, and methods of appointment, and then the differences among them the hope of obtaining the largest share of the bounties of the Sultanate. The research indicates agents’ consuls and their escorts from the people of the Sultanate, and trying to understand the relationship between the consuls, governors and overlap, and their role in public life and exceeded their powers, and most of all looking for the role of consuls in the conduct of trade movement and control in the Levant from ports to markets.
Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
يتناول البحث دور القناصل في بلاد الشام خلال الفترة من 1831م إلى 1914م، وهي الفترة التي شهدت تراجع السلطنة العثمانية وتزايد النفوذ الأوروبي في المنطقة. يركز البحث على كيفية تعيين القناصل، وصداماتهم مع بعضهم البعض ومع السلطات المحلية، ودورهم في الحياة العامة والتجارية. كما يستعرض البحث العلاقة بين القناصل والولاة، وتجاوز القناصل لصلاحياتهم، وتأثيرهم على الحركة التجارية من المرافئ إلى الأسواق. يوضح البحث أن القناصل كانوا يسعون لتحقيق مصالح بلدانهم على حساب السلطنة العثمانية، مما أدى إلى تدهور الأوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في بلاد الشام.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: يتناول البحث موضوعًا مهمًا وحساسًا في تاريخ بلاد الشام، وهو دور القناصل الأجانب في الفترة الأخيرة من حكم السلطنة العثمانية. ومع ذلك، يمكن القول أن البحث قد ركز بشكل كبير على الجوانب السلبية لدور القناصل دون تقديم تحليل متوازن يشمل الجوانب الإيجابية المحتملة. كما أن البحث اعتمد بشكل كبير على المصادر التاريخية دون تقديم تحليل نقدي كافٍ لهذه المصادر. كان من الممكن أن يكون البحث أكثر قوة إذا تم تضمين وجهات نظر متعددة وتحليل أعمق للتأثيرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لدور القناصل.
Questions related to the research
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ما هو الدور الرئيسي للقناصل في بلاد الشام خلال الفترة من 1831م إلى 1914م؟
كان الدور الرئيسي للقناصل هو تسيير الحركة التجارية والتحكم بها من المرافئ إلى الأسواق، بالإضافة إلى تجاوز صلاحياتهم والتدخل في الحياة العامة والسياسية للسلطنة العثمانية.
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كيف كانت العلاقة بين القناصل والولاة في بلاد الشام؟
كانت العلاقة بين القناصل والولاة متوترة في كثير من الأحيان، حيث تجاوز القناصل صلاحياتهم وتدخلوا في شؤون الولاة، مما أدى إلى صدامات بين الطرفين.
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ما هي الطرق التي استخدمها القناصل لتعزيز نفوذهم في بلاد الشام؟
استخدم القناصل عدة طرق لتعزيز نفوذهم، منها تعيين وكلاء ومرافقين من أهالي السلطنة، والتدخل في الشؤون التجارية والسياسية، واستغلال الامتيازات التي حصلوا عليها من السلطنة العثمانية.
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ما هي التأثيرات الاقتصادية لدور القناصل في بلاد الشام؟
أدى دور القناصل إلى تدهور الأوضاع الاقتصادية في بلاد الشام، حيث سيطروا على الحركة التجارية واستغلوا الامتيازات لتحقيق مصالح بلدانهم على حساب السلطنة العثمانية، مما أدى إلى تراجع الاقتصاد المحلي وزيادة الفقر.
References used
BAPTIST, J , Intérêts et impérialisme français dans l’empire ottoman (1895- 1914), Sorbonne-Paris, 1977
MOHAMED, A.R., La diplomatie en terre d’Islam, Harmattan, Paris, 2005
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