Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userConsuls under the Ottoman Empire and their role in the Levant D1831- D1914 ، H 1247 H1333
القناصل في ظل الدولة العثمانية و دورهم في بلاد الشام 1247ه ــ 1333ه ، 1831م ــ 1914م
2025
0 106
0
(
0
)
Authors
مازن البودي( باحث )
Created by
Shamra Editor
Ask ChatGPT about the research
يتناول البحث مسألة القناصل في بلاد الشام في العقود الاخيرة من عمر السلطنة العثمانية، من خلال محاولة فهم معنى عمل القناصل، و الأجواء التي رافقت دخولهم الى دمشق، و طرق تعيينهم، و من ثم صداماتهم فيما بينهم طمعا بالحصول على الحصة الاكبر من خيرات السلطنة، و يشير البحث الى وكلاء القناصل و مرافقيهم من أهالي السلطنة، و يحاول فهم العلاقة بين القناصل و الولاة و تداخلها، و دورهم في الحياة العامة و تجاوز صلاحياتهم، و الأهم من ذلك كله يبحث عن دور القناصل في تسيير الحركة التجارية و التحكم بها في بلاد الشام من المرافئ الى الأسواق.
This research deals with the issue of consuls in the Levant in the last decades of the Ottoman Empire, by trying to understand the meaning of the work of the consuls, and the atmosphere that accompanied the entry into Damascus, and methods of appointment, and then the differences among them the hope of obtaining the largest share of the bounties of the Sultanate. The research indicates agents’ consuls and their escorts from the people of the Sultanate, and trying to understand the relationship between the consuls, governors and overlap, and their role in public life and exceeded their powers, and most of all looking for the role of consuls in the conduct of trade movement and control in the Levant from ports to markets.
Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
يتناول البحث دور القناصل في بلاد الشام خلال الفترة من 1831م إلى 1914م، وهي الفترة التي شهدت تراجع السلطنة العثمانية وتزايد النفوذ الأوروبي في المنطقة. يركز البحث على كيفية تعيين القناصل، وصداماتهم مع بعضهم البعض ومع السلطات المحلية، ودورهم في الحياة العامة والتجارية. كما يستعرض البحث العلاقة بين القناصل والولاة، وتجاوز القناصل لصلاحياتهم، وتأثيرهم على الحركة التجارية من المرافئ إلى الأسواق. يوضح البحث أن القناصل كانوا يسعون لتحقيق مصالح بلدانهم على حساب السلطنة العثمانية، مما أدى إلى تدهور الأوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في بلاد الشام.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: يتناول البحث موضوعًا مهمًا وحساسًا في تاريخ بلاد الشام، وهو دور القناصل الأجانب في الفترة الأخيرة من حكم السلطنة العثمانية. ومع ذلك، يمكن القول أن البحث قد ركز بشكل كبير على الجوانب السلبية لدور القناصل دون تقديم تحليل متوازن يشمل الجوانب الإيجابية المحتملة. كما أن البحث اعتمد بشكل كبير على المصادر التاريخية دون تقديم تحليل نقدي كافٍ لهذه المصادر. كان من الممكن أن يكون البحث أكثر قوة إذا تم تضمين وجهات نظر متعددة وتحليل أعمق للتأثيرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لدور القناصل.
Questions related to the research
-
ما هو الدور الرئيسي للقناصل في بلاد الشام خلال الفترة من 1831م إلى 1914م؟
كان الدور الرئيسي للقناصل هو تسيير الحركة التجارية والتحكم بها من المرافئ إلى الأسواق، بالإضافة إلى تجاوز صلاحياتهم والتدخل في الحياة العامة والسياسية للسلطنة العثمانية.
-
كيف كانت العلاقة بين القناصل والولاة في بلاد الشام؟
كانت العلاقة بين القناصل والولاة متوترة في كثير من الأحيان، حيث تجاوز القناصل صلاحياتهم وتدخلوا في شؤون الولاة، مما أدى إلى صدامات بين الطرفين.
-
ما هي الطرق التي استخدمها القناصل لتعزيز نفوذهم في بلاد الشام؟
استخدم القناصل عدة طرق لتعزيز نفوذهم، منها تعيين وكلاء ومرافقين من أهالي السلطنة، والتدخل في الشؤون التجارية والسياسية، واستغلال الامتيازات التي حصلوا عليها من السلطنة العثمانية.
-
ما هي التأثيرات الاقتصادية لدور القناصل في بلاد الشام؟
أدى دور القناصل إلى تدهور الأوضاع الاقتصادية في بلاد الشام، حيث سيطروا على الحركة التجارية واستغلوا الامتيازات لتحقيق مصالح بلدانهم على حساب السلطنة العثمانية، مما أدى إلى تراجع الاقتصاد المحلي وزيادة الفقر.
References used
BAPTIST, J , Intérêts et impérialisme français dans l’empire ottoman (1895- 1914), Sorbonne-Paris, 1977
MOHAMED, A.R., La diplomatie en terre d’Islam, Harmattan, Paris, 2005
rate research
Read More
Compared with his father, Sultan Mohammad the Conqueror , Sultan Bayezid II
achieved little – in the military field- on the European front. However, strategically looked
at, they were of great importance. He managed to annex both cities Kilia and C
rimean.
Doing this the black sea became an Ottoman lake. He got involved in a war against
Venice, and captured some positions; that helped to advance in the eastern basin of the
Mediterranean Sea, and in its western basin as well. on the eastern front failure was
dominant. Mamluks' forces managed in defeating several Ottoman armies. His peaceful
policies and his slackness in front of the Safavids led to the eruption of several hostile anti-
Ottoman movements, and allowed more Safavids influence in Anatolia.
Finally to Sultan Bayzid II virtue is attributed for modernizing sea and land forces.
Relying on fire arms his son, sultan Selim I succeeded in scoring decisive victories against
the Safavids and Mamluks.
Murals are one of the techniques of delineation, which was influenced by Hantine
and Sassanian in fluencies. They been their independence in the Umayyad period to
maturity in the Abbasid era.
The Levant was one of the centers of creativity for the
se drawings implemented
in a mosaic and frisco. The drawing are important documents in history,arecord of daily
life and evidence of settlement.to know the properties of the wall paintings, it is necessary
to study the drawings which were implemented in the mosaic and in Frisco. There fore, the
focus was on important bulding that included the drawing in mosaic such as the Dome the
Rock and theUmayyad mosquen and the khirbat al-mfjar palace. And the drawing in frisco
such as Omra palase and palase of western Hier.
Doumna : a term that is heard mostly, but majority of people have no idea about its
literal meaning , when did it arise ? how and what are the reasons of its inception ?
The term Doumna is originally derived from the Persian language , which means
"
two " , nma ( two types ) . Although their followers converted to Islam , they remained
faithful to their Judaism secretly as religion , ideology and political thought.
This search will illustrate who are the Jews of Doumna as a Zionist Jewish
community that appeared in 1664 AD , due to the persecution and expulsion from Europe
that they had faced during the reign of the king , Ferinand of Spain .
In addition to their role in the Othoman Empire , starting with the appointment of the
Othoman Sultans to their isolation .
Also , their role in running the affairs of the country especially the financial ones
because they were professionals and experts in the field of trade and banking .
Finally , the Jewish of Doumna are the true founders of the Zionist movement and
the idea of making Palestine a national homeland for them .
The question of the transition of power in the Ottoman Empire, an important issue
shed Ottoman sultans, and occupied their mind for long periods, as they interned them in
the midst of civil conflicts and local war, have been instrumental and head i
n a broad and
fundamental to the regime and the quality of the ruling lines, as have contributed to the
emergence of the forces involved sultans and their influence was able to sneak into the
decision-making centers and succeeded later in the appointment of the sultans and withheld
from their basic tasks in the leadership of the state and society, paving the way for the
conversion of the Ottoman government and the Alslltani Palace to the headquarters of the
rival gangs competing. Doing all effort to harness the potential of all state of the army and
of the financial treasury to buy military alliance and issue decision reflected negatively on
the society in which they toil under a huge financial burden in order to provide the
necessary cash-turned collected main recipe for the rulers and leaders.
Army no longer provides the honor of the empire and sanctifies the sultan to comply
with his orders as spiritual father to them but turned into tools brutalize sultans and take
over others, especially that they were only puppets or animated structures for sultans
helpless unable to take crucial decision.
During the Abbasid era , the second half of 5th century AH – 11th century A D , the levant
,which turned to a chessboard governed by conflicting states, suffered from crawling of Seljuk
empire. This situations accompanied by the death of Fatimid ca
lipha ( Al-mustansir) (487 AH-1094
AD). And as a sequence, the Ismaili cult splitted to Mustaali and Nizari. Nizariyya , which centered
in Alamut castle, north of Persia, since 448 AH/ 1095 AD, worked to establish a state in the levant.
At 535 AH/1141 AD , they bring to life a series of castlesm, named ( qelaa Alfdaoyah) ,
which continued alive over 130 years , depending on creating a balance between conflicting parties
of Zangid Ayyubids with the Franks .When the unification of the levant and Egypt was done, under
control of Mamluk , foundations of Alfdaoyah were undermined as a result. But despite its
disappearance from political theatre , their castles and remains are still a witness to their
excellence.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
