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Register a new userThe Fedayeen in The Levant (Emergence , Castles and Architecture) (AH/1095-1273AD672 – 488)
الحركة الفدّاويّة في بلاد الشام نشأتها _ قلاعها_ عمارتها (488_ 672ه/1095_ 1273م)
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Added by
Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2017
fields
History
and research's language is
العربية
Created by
Shamra Editor
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عانت بلاد الشام خلال العصر العباسي من الزحف السلجوقي عليها، و تحولت في النصف الثاني من القرن الخامس للهجري/الحادي عشر الميلادي، إلى رقعة شطرنج تحكمها دويلات متنازعة. رافق ذلك موت الخليفة الفاطمي المستنصر بالله 487ه/1094م في القاهرة، و انشقاق الإسماعيلية إلى مستعلية، و نزارية حيث عملت النزارية، التي كانت قلعة ألموت شمال فارس مركزاً لها منذ عام 488ه/1095م، على مدِّ نفوذها إلى بلاد الشام مستغلةً أوضاعها المضطربة بأسم الحركة الفداوية، و بعد سلسلة إخفاقات تمكنَّت سنة 535ه/1141م من تأسيس دويلة لها في بلاد الشام. عرفت بقلاع الفدّاوّية, التي تمكنت من البقاء مئة و ثلاثين عاماً معتمدة على خلق توازن بين الأطراف المتصارعة من الزنكيين و الأيوبيين مع الفرنجة، و مع قيام المماليك بتوحيد بلاد الشام مع مصر, أدى ذلك للقضاء على الدعائم الأساسية للحركة الفدّاويّة سنة 672ه/1273م إلا أنَّ قِلاعها ما تزال شاهداً على تميّز تلك الحركة حضارياً و معمارياً عن باقي الحركات, و الدويلات التي حكمت بلاد الشام.
During the Abbasid era , the second half of 5th century AH – 11th century A D , the levant ,which turned to a chessboard governed by conflicting states, suffered from crawling of Seljuk empire. This situations accompanied by the death of Fatimid calipha ( Al-mustansir) (487 AH-1094 AD). And as a sequence, the Ismaili cult splitted to Mustaali and Nizari. Nizariyya , which centered in Alamut castle, north of Persia, since 448 AH/ 1095 AD, worked to establish a state in the levant. At 535 AH/1141 AD , they bring to life a series of castlesm, named ( qelaa Alfdaoyah) , which continued alive over 130 years , depending on creating a balance between conflicting parties of Zangid Ayyubids with the Franks .When the unification of the levant and Egypt was done, under control of Mamluk , foundations of Alfdaoyah were undermined as a result. But despite its disappearance from political theatre , their castles and remains are still a witness to their excellence.
References used
حسين، محمد كامل، طائفة الإسماعيلية، مكتبة النهضة المصرية، القاهرة, ط1, 1959م, 324ص.
حموده، محمود، تطور الكتابة الخطية العربية، دار النهضة، القاهرة، ط 1, 2000م, 376ص.
عميري، ابراهيم، سلسلة الجبال الساحلية، دانية، دمشق، ط 1، د. ت, 375ص.
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