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The Fedayeen in The Levant (Emergence , Castles and Architecture) (AH/1095-1273AD672 – 488)

الحركة الفدّاويّة في بلاد الشام نشأتها _ قلاعها_ عمارتها (488_ 672ه/1095_ 1273م)

1885   1   67   0 ( 0 )
 Publication date 2017
  fields History
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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During the Abbasid era , the second half of 5th century AH – 11th century A D , the levant ,which turned to a chessboard governed by conflicting states, suffered from crawling of Seljuk empire. This situations accompanied by the death of Fatimid calipha ( Al-mustansir) (487 AH-1094 AD). And as a sequence, the Ismaili cult splitted to Mustaali and Nizari. Nizariyya , which centered in Alamut castle, north of Persia, since 448 AH/ 1095 AD, worked to establish a state in the levant. At 535 AH/1141 AD , they bring to life a series of castlesm, named ( qelaa Alfdaoyah) , which continued alive over 130 years , depending on creating a balance between conflicting parties of Zangid Ayyubids with the Franks .When the unification of the levant and Egypt was done, under control of Mamluk , foundations of Alfdaoyah were undermined as a result. But despite its disappearance from political theatre , their castles and remains are still a witness to their excellence.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة الحركة الفذاوية في بلاد الشام خلال الفترة من 488هـ/1095م إلى 672هـ/1273م، حيث عانت بلاد الشام من الزحف السلجوقي وتحولت إلى دويلات متنازعة. بعد وفاة الخليفة الفاطمي المستنصر بالله، انقسمت الإسماعيلية إلى مستعلية ونزارية، حيث أسس النزارية مركزًا لهم في قلعة ألموت شمال فارس. استغل الفداوية الأوضاع المضطربة في بلاد الشام لتأسيس دويلة لهم، معتمدين على خلق توازن بين الزنكيين والأيوبيين والفرنجة. استمرت هذه الدويلة لمدة 130 عامًا حتى قضى عليها المماليك. تميزت الحركة الفذاوية بجوانب حضارية ومعمارية فريدة، حيث تركت بصمة واضحة في العمارة والخطوط والرموز المستخدمة في قلاعها. هدفت الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على هذه الجوانب الحضارية والمعمارية، معتمدة على نتائج البعثات الميدانية والتنقيبات الأثرية في محافظة طرطوس.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة إضافة قيمة إلى الأدب التاريخي حول الحركة الفذاوية في بلاد الشام، حيث تسلط الضوء على جوانب حضارية ومعمارية لم تحظ بالاهتمام الكافي في الدراسات السابقة. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض النقد البناء للدراسة. أولاً، قد يكون من المفيد توسيع نطاق البحث ليشمل تأثيرات الحركة الفذاوية على المجتمعات المحلية في بلاد الشام بشكل أعمق. ثانيًا، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت مقارنة بين العمارة الفذاوية والعمارة في الحركات والدول الأخرى في نفس الفترة. أخيرًا، قد يكون من المفيد تضمين المزيد من التحليل النقدي للمصادر التاريخية المستخدمة، لتقديم رؤية أكثر توازنًا وشمولية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي العوامل التي ساعدت الحركة الفذاوية على تأسيس دويلة في بلاد الشام؟

    استغلت الحركة الفذاوية الأوضاع المضطربة في بلاد الشام نتيجة للزحف السلجوقي والانقسامات الداخلية بين الدويلات المتنازعة، بالإضافة إلى الفوضى السياسية والعقائدية، مما ساعدهم على تأسيس دويلة لهم.

  2. كيف تمكنت الحركة الفذاوية من البقاء لمدة 130 عامًا في بلاد الشام؟

    اعتمدت الحركة الفذاوية على خلق توازن بين الأطراف المتصارعة من الزنكيين والأيوبيين والفرنجة، مما مكنها من البقاء والاستمرار لمدة 130 عامًا.

  3. ما هي الجوانب الحضارية والمعمارية التي تميزت بها الحركة الفذاوية؟

    تميزت الحركة الفذاوية بجوانب حضارية ومعمارية فريدة، مثل العمارة الوحشية، والمساجد بدون مآذن، واستخدام الخطوط المتنوعة والرموز الغامضة في قلاعها.

  4. ما هو الدور الذي لعبته الحركة الفذاوية في الصراعات السياسية والعسكرية في بلاد الشام؟

    لعبت الحركة الفذاوية دورًا هامًا في الصراعات السياسية والعسكرية من خلال الاغتيالات السياسية وخلق توازن بين القوى المتصارعة، مما جعل جميع الأطراف تهاب حركتهم.


References used
حسين، محمد كامل، طائفة الإسماعيلية، مكتبة النهضة المصرية، القاهرة, ط1, 1959م, 324ص.
حموده، محمود، تطور الكتابة الخطية العربية، دار النهضة، القاهرة، ط 1, 2000م, 376ص.
عميري، ابراهيم، سلسلة الجبال الساحلية، دانية، دمشق، ط 1، د. ت, 375ص.
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