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Register a new userImproving Tolerance Potato (Solanum tuberosum) of Salinity Stress Using Chemical Mutagenesis
تحسين تحمل البطاطا (Solanum tuberosum) للإجهاد الملحي باستخدام التطفير الكيميائي
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طفرت كيميائياً درنات من صنف البطاطا مارفونا بتراكيز (20،30،40) mM من مادة الايتيل ميتان سلفونات EMS، و بثلاثة أزمنة غمر (2،3،4) ساعة خلال عام 2013؛ لتحسين تحمل البطاطا L. Solanum tuberosum للملوحة. جرى زراعة نباتات منتخبة طافرة (5M) للصنف مارفونا و غير طافرة من أصناف مارفونا، سبونتا و فلوكا عام 2015، و عرضت النباتات لضغط انتخابي بريها بماء محتو كلوريد الصوديوم بتراكيز من 0 إلى 200 ميللي مول، أدت الزيادة التدريجية في تراكيز الـ Nacl إلى انخفاض معنوي في أغلب الصفات الخضرية و صفة الإنتاج؛ فقد تراوح طول النبات من 68 إلى 41 سم، و عدد الأوراق من 21 إلى 12 ورقة، و تراوح قطر الساق من 1.349 إلى 0.370 سم، و تراوحت المساحة الورقية بين 234.9 إلى 85.4 سم2.؛ تباينت النباتات الطافرة للصنف مارفونا مع غير الطافرة و صنفي سبونتا و فلوكا بقدرتها على إنتاج درنات حيث تراوح عدد الدرنات بين 9.3 و .2.8 درنة، و وزن الدرنات/نبات من 740 إلى 155 غرامًا، و متوسط وزن الدرنة من 75.2 إلى 24.6 غرامًا. بينت النتائج بان هناك تباين في مدى تحمل هذه المعاملات للإجهاد الملحي حيث كان المعاملة 4T3P2 أكثر تحملاً.
Marfona cultivar were chemical mutagen using 20, 30 and 40 mM of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) for 2, 3, 4 hrs in 2013. was conducted to improve potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tolerance to salinity. Plants Marfona mutagen from M5 and unmutagen were cultured with Spunta and Falouka Cvs in 2015. Plants were later subjected to another selection pressure, by irrigating them using water containing Nacl between 0-200 mM The results showed that the gradual increase in Nacl concentrations caused a significant gradual decreases in most vegetative, yield and its component characteristics. Mutant plants varied with unmutant for Marfona, Spunta and Falouka in plant height varied from 68 to 41 cm and number leaves varied from 21 to 12 leaf. and stem diameter varied from 1.349 to 0.370 cm and leaf area varied from 235 to 84 cm2. However, produced tubers number varied from 9.3 to 2.8 and weight them from 740 to 155 grams and tuber weight from 75.2 to 24.6 grams. The results also showed variations in the extent of tolerance between studied treatments to salinity stress where 4T3P2 treatment was the most tolerant.
References used
AGHAEI, K.; EHSANPOUR, A.A. BALALI, G. and MOSTAJERAN, A. In vitro screening of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars for salt tolerance using physiological parameters and RAPD analysis. American Euroasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 3,2, 2008, 159-164
AHLOOWALIA, B.S. In vitro mutagenesis for the improvement of vegetatively propagated plants. Induced mutations and molecular techniques for crop improvement. IAEA-SM. 340,203,1995,531-541
ALAM, S.M. Nutreints uptake by plants under stress conditions (In Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress).1994, pp. 233-236, Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York
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This study was conducted at Abo Jarash farm, Faculty of Agriculture,
Damascus University In order to determine the response of three local varieties
of potato (Sponta, Draja, Diamont) to salinity stress with different
concentration of NaCl solutio
n (0,50, 100, 150, 200 mM). The results indicated
that the existence of a inverse correlation between increased concentrations of
salts in the solution and the rate of plant height, leaf area, and the percentage of
leaf dry weight, and the proportion K+/ Na+., and the productivity was declined
with a proportional rate 22< 32, and 48% for the varieties of Sponta, Draja,
Diamont, respectively. Results indicated the existence of reverse relationship
between increasing salt concentration in the medium and plant height, Leaf
area, dry weight of the leaves and K+/Na+ ration in addition to the decline in the
productivity of studied varieties. The results also showed variations in the
extent of tolerance between studied varieties to salinity stress where Sponta
was the most tolerant, followed by Draja and Diamont was the less tolerant and
this was reflected in terms of higher germination and increasing the mean of
plant height, Leaf area and dry weight of plant.
Experiments were conducted to study effect of radiation and salt levels on plant
regeneration from callus for two cultivars of potato i.e. Riviera and Burren, under
in vitro condition. Results showed that the efficiency of radiation in induced
reg
eneration from callus in Riviera cultivar at salt level of (10 dS m-1) and Burren
cultivar at salt levels (8, 12 dS m-1). For the purpose of making sure inheritance
of salinity tolerant, mutant clones (plants induced from salt tolerant calli, which
planted at salt levels of 8, 10, 12 dS m-1 and plants induced from non salt tolerant
calli, which planted at salt level of 6 dS m-1) and their parental cultivars (Riviera
and Burren) by exposing to salt stress conditions and comparing them with control
(6 dS m-1). Results revealed that the lowest percentage of reduction in plant height,
number of nods per plant and tuberization were observed in salt tolerant mutants.
Plant height and number of nodes/plant can be considered as selective morphological
markers for in vitro salt tolerance .
Nineteen locally selected potato lines were screened for water stress
tolerance by measuring the growth parameters in vitro. The stress was achieved
by adding 4% of sorbitol to the growth medium. Plant height and diameter,
leaf area, number, lengt
h and diameter of roots and plant fresh and dry weight
were measured. The results showed a difference in the response of the studied
lines to water stress, cluster analysis, based on the sum of all growth
parameters relative values of the lines showed that the lines were divided into
three groups according to water stress tolerance: The tolerant group, the
moderate tolerant group and the sensitive group. The results indicated the
possibility to use the in vitro method to screen the potato lines for water stress
tolerance.
Several laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of
ten ACSAD durum and bread wheat landraces to salinity stress tolerance at
seedling stage. The salinity induction response technique was applied to assess
the genetic variabi
lity, and the effect of induction nature in improving the
tolerance to lethal levels of some abiotic stresses (drought and salinity). The
applied screening tool was rapid and efficient in assessing the genetic
variability for the response of studied durum and bread wheat landraces to
salinity stress tolerance.
The study was carried out at Tishreen University nursery during the spring of 2015
in order to evaluate the effect of the bio-fertilizer EMI on the growth and production of
Sponta Potato Solanum tuberosum. Four treatments were used as follows: cont
rol, with
water irrigation, spraying and irrigation, spraying.
The results showed that the use of bio-fertilizer EMI improved the growth of plants,
so the surface foliage, foliage index and plant height were increased significantly
comparing with the control.
The results also showed that the spraying and irrigation treatment was the best with a
tuber average weight of 117.7 g/tube obverse (102.7, 115, 109 g/tuber), and a yield of
5864 kg/d obverse (4151, 5569, 5398 kg/d) for treatment (control, water irrigation,
spraying).
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