This study aimed to evaluate the current mechanisms in support and development of small and medium enterprises in Syria, from the point of view of owners and managers of these Enterprise. The mechanisms of financing, technical, production, marketing,
legislation and government policies have been studied and evaluated. The descriptive approach was used, The number of the distributed questionnaires and valid for the study (137) questionnaire, The data were analyzed using the statistical analysis program (SPSS). The results showed inadequate financial support mechanisms to initiate or expand the activity of the Enterprise under study, and a lack of diversity in their sources of funding. It also showed the inability of technical support mechanisms to provide the components of construction Enterprise, or reduce the time and cost of construction. It also showed the lack of legislative support mechanisms and government policies that reduce the financial burden on these Enterprise or contribute to reducing competition with large imports or Enterprise. It also showed the absence of productive support mechanisms that help to provide technological information for each industry of the Enterprise under study, or provide technical advice and expertise concerning machinery and equipment. The results also indicate the absence of marketing support mechanisms that contribute to small and medium enterprises access to new markets or global markets. The results also indicate the absence of mechanisms to support administrative cadres that contribute to the development of small and medium enterprises, as there are no mechanisms to train the workers of these Enterprise or to rehabilitate administrative leaders or to train production and marketing staff.
The present investigation was carried out at the nursery of Agricultural faculty- Tishreen
University, during 2016-2017, to evaluate the best organic culture medium for the seedling
production of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) and Stock (Matthiolaincana)
with the lowest costs.
Seven different mediums were experimented (Turf, waste mushroom compost, farm waste
compost and their combinations).
The results showed some differences in chemical and physical characters of experimented
mediums. This differences had an impact on germination parameters (seed germination
percentage, speed of germination, daily germination) and seedling quality (seedling length,
collar diameter, fresh and dray weight, percentage of dray matter).
The results indicated the mediums consisting of turf (T1), waste mushroom compost with
turf (T6) and waste mushroom compost with farm waste compost (T7) gave the best
germination rate and the highest quality of seedling.
Data showed as well that T3 and T7 treatments realized the lowest costs and higher
economic profit than other treatments.
This research clarifies the concept of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), its
economic importance and studies the contribution of conventional banks in the financing,
and the issues that prevent the arrival of the required funding to those facili
ties. Whereas
many economists believe that the development of SMEs and encouraging its establishment
is one of the most important tributaries of the economic and social development. It
considers as a basic starting point to increase production capacity on the one hand, and to
contribute solving the problems of poverty and unemployment on the other hand.
Therefore, many countries increase its interests in these enterprises, and provided them
with help and assistance in various ways, according to available possibilities. The most
important findings of the research:
-There is a strong positive correlation between the size of the traditional public and
private credit facility banking granted to SMEs and GDP.
-These facilities contribute by an important proportion in employment and foreign
trade to the national economy.
-These facilities share form a small percentage of the total volume of credit facilities
granted by existed conventional banks, public and private.
The research found several proposals, including:
-To increase SMEs' access to various financing instruments in the market, in addition
to develop and evaluate the effectiveness and the size of the funding mechanisms provided
by the financial institutions, and to develop the operation system of local banks so that the
system becomes more flexible,
-To adopt a national standard definition of small and medium enterprises.
- To advance the business environment of SMEs, which by consequence contributes
in promoting and supporting its role in the national economy.
The effect of different culture medias (water, MS solid, MS 1/2 solid) on germination
and growth of heliotropiun hirsutissimum Grauer. in vitro was studied with different
concentrations of gibberellic acid (0.001-0.01-0.1 and 1 mg/l).
The results
showed that best germination rate (80.5%) and root (20mm) and shoot
(35mm) growth were obtained in MS solid medium with 0.1mg/l GA3.
Addition of 0.1mg/l GA3 to MS1/2 solid medium improved germination rate
(75.44%), root (19mm), and shoot (24mm)growth.
When GA3 (0.1 mg/l) was added to water medium, germination rate reached
(65.33%), as well as root and shoot growth (12.66mm and20mm) alternatively after 2
weeks of planting.
Seedling of MS solid medium were transferred into pots contained torp medium to
adapting them with outside environment, and then surviving their growth until maturity
after 4 weeks.
This Research Deals With Studying Of Five Concentrations in IBA Auxin
(0.25 – 0.5 – 0.75 – 1 – 2 mg\ l ) And Control Medium For Rooted Plantlets To Wild
Apple (Malus trilobata Lab.) By Plantlets Cultured It's Length (1.5-2) cm On Half-
Strength Mu
rashige And Skoog Medium(½MS), Then Making Rooted Percentile And
Mean Of Number And Length Of Roots, The Result Was: The First Treatments (0.25 mg\l)
Were Significantly Better Than Other Treatments And Control For About Rooted
Percentile (64%) And Mean Of Number Roots (16 Roots), The Third Treatments (0.75
mg\l) Were Significantly Better Than Other Treatments For About Mean Of Length Of
Roots(21.03)cm.
Wireless communication has become more popular over the last decade. Although
there are many advantages to use wireless over fixed line systems, there is a major
disadvantage, which is a high transmission error rate in a temporal and permanent nois
y
environment. There are techniques to reduce effectiveness off transmission errors in
wireless communications. We have discussed in this paper. Many methods and techniques
have been implementing to deal and resist errors (by increasing transmission power,
switching modulation scheme) as well as evaluation the wireless connection performance
taking into account many factors.
The research was conducted in the ornamental plants laboratory, Faculty of
Agriculture, to determine the best seed germination conditions of Sophora japonica and S.
secundiflora. Different seed pre-treatments (cold ater (6oC) and warm water (50oC)
immersing, Citric acid (2%) and Sulphoric acid (25, 50%) stratification) were
experimented. The effect of different culture mediums and sowing times were also
investigated.
The results indicated that the chemical pre-treatments represented the highest relative
germination rates compared to the physical pre-tretments. Among the physical pretreatment,
the seed immersed in hot water for 2h showed the highest germination
percentage (38,6 – 30%) for S. japonica and S. secundiflora respectively. While, the seed
treated with sulphoric acid represented the best germination percentage for the tow species
(58,3 – 63,6%). Nevertheless, the increase of the sulphoric acid concentration had a
negative impact on survival plantlet rates for the tow species, specially for S. japonica.
The results showed that the seed sowing in sand with soil and organic mature (1:1:1)
medium realized the best germination percentage for the tow studied species.
This study aimed to characterize the factors affecting the
entrepreneurs' decisions during the internationalization process of
medium-sized firms in Syria, and to disclosure the implications of
the differences about the motives and gains from work
ing
internationally through a comparison between internationalized
and non-internationalized firms. The sample comprised of (35)
firms in Damascus and its countryside, which are working in
industrial and commercial sectors. The sample consists of (17)
internationalized firms and (18) non-internationalized. The
researcher has used the "descriptive analytical method" and taken
of the "case study" as a procedural framework, and developed a
questionnaire especially for this purpose based on scale previously
applied in the study of internationalization of Egyptian companies.
The advancement of small and medium enterprises sector(SMEs),
activating its developmental role in general, and its role in employment in
particular, is considered an important goal for most countries of the world,
whereas many economists believe
that the development of SMEs, and
encouraging its establishment is one of the most important tributaries of the
economic and social development.
This research clarifies the concept of SMEs in Syria, its economic
importance and studies its contribution in the national economy in Syria.
Wireless LAN technology has become the actual standard for wireless Internet
access, with increasing availability of access points for those wireless networks as a result
of what they offer of high data rates, low roaming costs, and good in-buildin
g coverage.
This led to a strong trend to the inclusion of Wi-Fi embedded sub-system in all kinds of
devices included computing side, and embedded side.The smartphones with the adoption
of Wi-Fi technology had to meet two requirements:
1- quality of service support for prioritizing real-time applications.
2- inclusion of power saving functionality to achieve an operating time meets the
expectations of users.
This paper presents a new power management technique P-PSM, it is a
combination of medium access mechanism depends on Contention Window to provide the
quality of service, with standard power management technology stdPSM. In addition to
evaluate its performance against a set of power management techniques under changing the
number of network nodes in order to clarify the expected quantity differences in terms of
both quality of service and power saving.
