We propose Future Discriminators for Generation (FUDGE), a flexible and modular method for controlled text generation. Given a pre-existing model G for generating text from a distribution of interest, FUDGE enables conditioning on a desired attribute
a (for example, formality) while requiring access only to G's output logits. FUDGE learns an attribute predictor operating on a partial sequence, and uses this predictor's outputs to adjust G's original probabilities. We show that FUDGE models terms corresponding to a Bayesian decomposition of the conditional distribution of G given attribute a. Moreover, FUDGE can easily compose predictors for multiple desired attributes. We evaluate FUDGE on three tasks --- couplet completion in poetry, topic control in language generation, and formality change in machine translation --- and observe gains in all three tasks.
Abstract Language models trained on billions of tokens have recently led to unprecedented results on many NLP tasks. This success raises the question of whether, in principle, a system can ever understand'' raw text without access to some form of gro
unding. We formally investigate the abilities of ungrounded systems to acquire meaning. Our analysis focuses on the role of assertions'': textual contexts that provide indirect clues about the underlying semantics. We study whether assertions enable a system to emulate representations preserving semantic relations like equivalence. We find that assertions enable semantic emulation of languages that satisfy a strong notion of semantic transparency. However, for classes of languages where the same expression can take different values in different contexts, we show that emulation can become uncomputable. Finally, we discuss differences between our formal model and natural language, exploring how our results generalize to a modal setting and other semantic relations. Together, our results suggest that assertions in code or language do not provide sufficient signal to fully emulate semantic representations. We formalize ways in which ungrounded language models appear to be fundamentally limited in their ability to understand''.
This research deals with the role of strategic intelligence in the development of the performance of insurance companies where strategic intelligence contributes to helping organizations achieve their goals and interact with their environment with a
great deal of flexibility, by providing them with predictions of opportunities and threats, and taking appropriate action on the basis of systematic knowledge and thinking, enabling the organization to respond to current and future environment changes, and planning and forecasting results, which reflected positively on performance, strategic intelligence consists of several elements, including: foresight, systematic thinking, future visioning, motivation, and partnership. The research aims to analyze the reality of applying the elements of strategic intelligence in Private Insurance Companies in The Syrian Coast, and study the nature and strength of the relationship between strategic intelligence and performance. To achieve this, three hypotheses were formulated. The researcher used the questionnaire method to collect the data and analyzed it by using statistical tests, the most important of which were: the one-sample T. test, the Pearson Correlation test, and the multiple regression test. The researcher found several results, the most important of which is: Strategic intelligence is available in the studied companies with an average evaluation. There is also a positive correlation between strategic intelligence and performance. There is a statistically significant effect on the elements of strategic intelligence on performance in the studied companies, except for the elements of future vision and motivation.
This research Tackles Ricour's perspective of the willingness to forget and the
ability of memoey to step ahead the idea if past representation and looking into it as it is
one future project. This future which enables humans to recall and forget,
forgive and
tolerate .all of this is done under what's called by Ricour" the able ego". Afterwards, it
reaches a happy memory where by forgetfulness is one image out of many stored in the
memory. According to this, the research discusses the beginning of relation ship between
history and memory as it is perceived by Ricour, one of interrelation then it discusses the
relation of memory and language via its narratives. Narrative, according to Ricour, is
means which people use to express their unforgettable past experience, that they need to
resurrect the past via narrating and legislating it in stories. Then, it proceeds to handle the
idea of willingness to forget and the relation which links forgetfulness to memory, which is
one holistic relation, according to Ricour. This means that there is no forgetfulness without
recalling and vice versa. Despit that, as perceived by Ricour, memory has always been
living in confusion/ hesitation. In other word, you hesitate as to what to recall and what to
forget. This has forced or led this research of memory as it is one future project as Ricour
assures.it finally concludes with some findings that we sought to have in regards to
Ricour's perspective regarding this issus.
This research was divided into two sections: the first topic
was the search for what the future contracts and the definition of
future contracts and their origin and development.
The second topic: dealt with the research in the circulation of
futures contracts, by identifying the dealers in these contracts and
then the stages of implementation.
The main goal behind this research is to determine the future role of the
faculty of education - university of Al-Baath in regards to the
development of the local community in the fields of scientific
consultation and research, public awareness, t
raining and education,
from the viewpoint and vision of its educational staff. A descriptive
research has been conducted, and 52 staff members within the facility
were surveyed during the second curriculum of 2016/2017.
This study aimed at investigating future anxiety and its relationship with the
psychological stress on a sample of Tishreen University students. Furthermore, the study
attempted to explore whether students differ according to their gender in the fu
ture anxiety
and the psychological stress.
The sample comprised of (188) students: (95 male and 93 female). In order to
achieve the goals of this study the Inventory of University Students’ Anxiety Future was
constructed. The final version of the scale consisted of (28) items. And the Inventory of
University Students’ Sources of psychological stress was constructed, the final version of
the scale consisted of (60) items. The results showed: there are correlation statistically
significant between the future anxiety and the psychological stress. The results also
indicated to significant differences (α≤ 0.05) between males and females means in the
psychological stress, and its indicated to no differences between males and females in the
future anxiety.
This study aims to examine the relationship between social support
and future anxiety, and exploring the level of social support and
determine whether there were statistically significant differences
between males and females in the social support
, and determine
whether there were statistically significant differences between
males and females in the future anxiety.
The sample consisted of (322) students (154 male-168 female) from
Damascus university students fourth year.
The researcher applied social support scale and future anxiety scale.
Decision makers uses several quantitative models for the selection
of suitable investment alternatives, high yielding and high
competitive ones, and what the most needed to the Syrian economy,
especially in the reconstruction phase, is to test the
se models and
study their credibility in leading the investment process, and from
this point this research is studying the internal rate of return model
in the evaluation of investments, which draws the importance and
the need for professionals and investment decision-makers reliance
on this indicator in their studies and analysis, as well as a range of
models of different quantity, in order to obtain top payoff of
investment alternatives available to them and to achieve
competitiveness for their projects and businesses.
The European integrative experience is a unique experience, both in terms of the
circumstances of its establishment, or founding member states, or integrative successes that
have been achieved in a never before achieved by any economic bloc, region
al or
international integration in modern and contemporary history.
Thus, this study focus on European integrative experience in terms of integrative
successes that have been achieved, and the most important factors which helpthe
memberstates of the European Integrative process to deepen their integration both
horizontally and vertically, and help them in facing the current challenges and strengthen
the EU's position in the international arena.
