Argumentation-Driven Evidence Association in Criminal Cases

Evidence association in criminal cases is dividing a set of judicial evidence into several non-overlapping subsets, improving the interpretability and legality of conviction. Observably, evidence divided into the same subset usually supports the same claim. Therefore, we propose an argumentation-driven supervised learning method to calculate the distance between evidence pairs for the following evidence association step in this paper. Experimental results on a real-world dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

Challenges for Information Extraction from Dialogue in Criminal Law

Information extraction and question answering have the potential to introduce a new paradigm for how machine learning is applied to criminal law. Existing approaches generally use tabular data for predictive metrics. An alternative approach is needed for matters of equitable justice, where individuals are judged on a case-by-case basis, in a process involving verbal or written discussion and interpretation of case factors. Such discussions are individualized, but they nonetheless rely on underlying facts. Information extraction can play an important role in surfacing these facts, which are still important to understand. We analyze unsupervised, weakly supervised, and pre-trained models' ability to extract such factual information from the free-form dialogue of California parole hearings. With a few exceptions, most F1 scores are below 0.85. We use this opportunity to highlight some opportunities for further research for information extraction and question answering. We encourage new developments in NLP to enable analysis and review of legal cases to be done in a post-hoc, not predictive, manner.

The individual criminal responsibility of " ISIS" for the crime of deliberate destruction of cultural heritage in Syria and Iraq under international law

This research raises the question of the possibility of prosecuting the members of the " ISIS" organization for this crime, and what is the response of international law to it, through studying the best possible ways. The study ended with a set of results and proposals, the most important of which was the establishment of a special international court to try individuals of "ISIS" for the crime of intentional destruction of cultural heritage under the name of "cultural cleansing".

Violence in some of Zakarayya Tamer,s storys

Violence is clear in the story works of Zakarayya Tamer. It signifies most of his works forming a chracteristict that distinguishes his own works from other written works in this age and he proved himself a popular different writer who has his way stating with cursing and ending in crime regadless to his issues concerning (family, street,power) even if they are different if we think of circumastances which lead to this colour of writing. In this world the scenes of troublesome, fighting, raping and killing. Thus violence signifies this world in which it is difficult to live out of desire to blood by killing in the most terrified way seprating heads. This describes his way of revealing the disasterous sort of writing away from the causes of these problematic affairs which go deeper than what we are expecting. This is what the search is trying to deal with and focus.

Right to sileance In Criminal Case

this study dealt with right of silence and its compomemts in Syrian law, by examining its concept and legal basis, befor talking about the way of applied in different stages of the lawsuit and the consequences of violating it, in accordance of the Syrian legislation.

Include criminal liability for juvenile delinquents

In fact, the modern stage is one of the most important stages throughout the human as it is during this phase is determined by effervescence personal inclinations and selfcomposed and culture and highlight the social relations on the yard of his life. Child today is a man of tomorrow. And if they hauled him protection and affection, and security and care and free upbringing innate or acquired, and we have provided to him for safe living, including food and clothing and health condition-free organic diseases and psychiatric we were able to build a new man with a social tendencies is hostile against the other or against society and we stepped away from him through the deviation. The Syrian Juveniles Act launched in the event of the arrest of the principle of the benefit of the event, and did not set conditions and special controls limit the power of the judge to appreciate this interest, and authorized the detention for all events, regardless of the crime committed. Fearing the possibility of the occurrence of any abuse by the judge, on the basis of legal logic, should put special conditions arrest event and determine the scope and restricted to juveniles who have completed fifteen, when committed a felony and clear-cut enough of primary significance to condemn the event. As it is unreasonable to make such a restraining order against the dangerous and the rest of the events action, while it does not apply to them any penalty involving freedom, but apply to them reform measures provided for in Article IV of the Juvenile Delinquents Act. And must seek out an educational character of alternative measures and reform, would replace the detention and arrest.

Penal protection of the right of the accused to defend in court (A comparative study)

The right of defense can be considered as natural rights, and the most important fair trial guarantees. It is also an inherent right at the center of public individual rights. It has not only created in favor of the individual but also for the benefit of society as a whole. There is no justice when accused people do not have a full right of defense and where not possible to verify the truth. This means that enabling the accused to defend himself does not mean that the punishment is over, but means to emphasize the fundamental pillar of justice that will reassure the individuals to the proper functioning of mechanisms in carrying out its mission, and this would remove any doubts about injustice suspicion when Jurisdiction will announce the accused conviction, also removing the suspicion of complacency while deciding his innocence. Therefore, search in protecting the right of the accused to defend himself is not intellectually luxury, but generally speaking, it is searching in more accurate and the most complex legal issues, it is a dive in the depths, to stick to legitimacy in a centre of obstacles is not easy to overcome. Building on the above, we can say that the accused practice of his right to defend himself, remains inadequate to achieve the purpose if it is not criminally reinforced. And to enable the exercise of the right of accused to defend himself, the penal legislator decided to develop a set of substantive rules incriminating and justified, meaning the dedication of this right to proceed without fear or shame. The accused is in great need to exercise his right of defense under the umbrella of the criminal protection, and this will protect him of the treachery of his defense and ensures that his rights will not be exploited because of the weakness of his position, and the lack of his experience, and the conflict hostile facing him. To find out the aspects of this protection two sections have been developed in this research: the first section devoted to the study of the criminal substantive rules, while the second was created to the study of the justified substantive rules. The aim of this is to show the criminal aspects of protection of the right of the accused to defend in court.

The Child in the Children's Recruitment Crime Which Aims to Polytheism Them in the Fighting Actions … A Criminal or a Victim ?

Children are the most damaged group affected by crimes of terrorism, suffering numerous forms of aggression. Due to the terrorism which has violently disrupted Syria previously, the phenomenon of recruiting children into combat and related actions motivated the law to release the Legal Decree n. /11/ for the year 2013 which criminalizes the recruitment and employment of children in combat. The publication of this law has developed a new contradictory situation where it has made the recruited child both a victim and a criminal at the same time. Therefore, the child is considered a victim in the recruitment and deployment of combat which aims to polytheism them in the fighting actions, while at the same time the child is also considered as being responsible for the crimes that he ventured to do during his recruitment period. This presents an unacceptable contrast within the law. The subject of this study is to identify the children which have been recruited by the armed terrorist groups, and to show the features displayed which distinguish such children from other children who are involved in criminal activity with the aim of defining the legal position for these recruited children and their responsibility towards the crimes that they have committed during their recruitment period.

The criminal liability of moral persons about environment crimes Comparative study

Environmental crimes and its subdivide problems have considered the most important challenge that pain humanity now days, especially after the pollution and its various forms has prevailed the world that we live in, and has become serious threat to human life and other living organisms. Moral persons and their activities have been considered the most polluting elements to the environment and in the same time many important questions raise in this domain about the opinion of legislation of penal liability of moral persons in environment crimes and the conditions which is required. Therefore it would be useful to lay alight on the penal liability of moral persons and to show the position of legislations in Syria and other countries .

Criminal Confrontation of Terrorist Crimes in the Syrian Law (Analytical Study)

Terrorism is one of the most heinous and dangerous crimes affecting both the individual and the State. Although terrorist acts are not a new phenomenon causing many countries to suffer, Syrian society was considered safe for decades and did not suffer from the crimes of terrorism. In the last two years, terrorism has affected Syrian society in all of its various forms, which has prompted the legislature to issue a new version of the Anti- Terrorism Act of 2012, along with a set of penal laws that aim in their entirety to combat terrorism. The research of this paper addresses crimes that were included in the Anti- Terrorism Act of 2012 and the legislative policy which was adopted by the legislature in this law to determine the extent of the ability of the Anti- Terrorism law to eliminate this new phenomenon which threatens Syrian society. ...